索马里出台了新的海事法，以加强对其领海内船只航行的控制。

国有的索马里国家通讯社（SONNA）宣布的这一消息是索马里政府在非洲最长海岸线之一重建控制权的重要一步。

根据新的法律，所有进入或在索马里国家水域作业的船只都必须悬挂索马里国旗。通过索马里水域的船舶还必须通知该国海事当局，并遵守港口和海洋运输部的规定。

该倡议旨在改革索马里的海事管理，自1991年中央政府垮台以来，海事管理一直被忽视。

新法律出台之际，索马里正试图重振其海事部门。自上一次1989年海事法更新以来，该国海事部门一直监管不足。

数十年的内乱使索马里的海岸线容易受到非法、不报告和无管制的捕捞活动的影响，每年造成约3亿美元的损失。

索马里打算实施更严格的规则，以减少非法、不报告和无管制的捕捞和其他非法活动，包括海盗和有毒废物倾倒。

这些海上指令的实施恰逢非洲之角地缘政治紧张局势不断升级。埃塞俄比亚和索马里兰签署了一项协议，允许埃塞俄比亚进入亚丁湾的柏培拉港。索马里兰是索马里的一个自称独立的地区。

由于索马里兰拒绝承认摩加迪沙的权威，使用柏培拉的埃塞俄比亚船只不需要悬挂索马里国旗，这可能会导致索马里中央政府最近实施的海事法出现问题。

索马里和土耳其今年早些时候签署了一项国防和经济协议，以提高其海上能力。该协议包括土耳其培训和装备索马里海军的条款，使该国能够更好地打击恐怖主义、海盗、非法捕鱼和其他海上威胁。

尽管国际社会努力减少该地区的海盗活动，但最近的事件表明海盗活动激增。2023年12月，索马里海盗劫持了悬挂马耳他国旗的散货船“Ruen”号，这是自2017年以来首次在索马里海域成功劫持商船。这一事件，以及早些时候对小型渔船和大型商船的袭击，暴露了索马里沿海持续存在的安全问题。

索马里东北部半自治地区邦特兰当局最近缴获了多架据信与青年党(Al-Shabaab)或ISIS有关的无人机。这些通过博萨索港走私的无人机的识别表明，在该地区活动的恐怖组织使用的技术有所增加。

今年6月，美国情报部门警告称，青年党可能与也门胡塞***武装之间存在合作关系。胡塞***武装曾在亚丁湾袭击商船。这种伙伴关系可能会使索马里保卫其海上边界的努力进一步复杂化。

为了应对这些威胁，2008年为打击索马里沿海海盗而组建的欧盟驻亚特兰大维和部队(EUNAVFOR atlanta)重新调整了工作重点。

▲Image for representation purposes only

英文原文

Somalia has introduced new maritime laws to enhance control over vessel movements in its territorial waters.



The announcement by the state-owned Somalia National News Agency(SONNA) is an essential step by the Somalian government to reestablish its control along one of Africa’s longest coastlines.



Under the new law, all vessels entering or operating in Somali national waters are required to fly the Somali flag.  Ships transiting Somali waters are also required to notify the country’s maritime authorities and comply with the regulations of the Ministry of Ports and Marine Transport.



The initiative aims to reform Somalia’s maritime governance, which has been neglected since the collapse of the central government in 1991.



The new laws came as Somalia attempted to revive its maritime sector, which had been under-regulated since its maritime law was last updated in 1989.



Decades of civil unrest have left Somalia’s coastline vulnerable to illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, resulting in an estimated $300 million per year.



Somalia intends to implement stricter rules to reduce IUU fishing and other illegal activities, including piracy and toxic waste dumping.



The implementation of these maritime directives coincides with escalating geopolitical tensions in the Horn of Africa.  Ethiopia and Somaliland, a self-declared independent region of Somalia, signed an agreement granting Ethiopia access to the Berbera port in the Gulf of Aden.



Ethiopian vessels using Berbera are not required to fly the Somali flag since Somaliland refuses to recognize Mogadishu’s authority, which could lead to problems with the recently implemented maritime laws from the central government of Somalia.



Somalia and Turkey signed a defense and economic agreement earlier this year to improve their maritime capabilities.  The deal includes provisions for Turkey to train and equip the Somali navy, allowing the country to better combat terrorism, piracy, illegal fishing, and other maritime threats.



Despite international efforts to reduce piracy in the region, recent incidents indicate an upsurge.  Somali pirates hijacked the Maltese-flagged bulker Ruen in December 2023, marking the first successful capture of a commercial ship off Somalia since 2017.  The incident, along with earlier attacks on small fishing boats and large merchant vessels, exposes Somalia’s continuous security issues along its coastline.



Authorities in Puntland, a semi-autonomous area in northeastern Somalia, recently seized multiple drones believed to be associated with Al-Shabaab or ISIS.  The identification of these drones, smuggled through Bosaso port, shows an increase in the techniques used by terrorist groups operating in the area.



In June, U.S. intelligence warned of a potential partnership between Al-Shabaab and Yemen’s Houthi rebels, who have targeted merchant shipping in the Gulf of Aden.  This partnership could further complicate Somalia’s efforts to safeguard its maritime borders.



In response to these threats, the European Union’s EUNAVFOR Atalanta mission, formed in 2008 to combat piracy off the coast of Somalia, has refocused its efforts.

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