欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士南极探险队的传奇沉船“耐力号”已经大大扩展了它的保护范围。

半径已从500米增加到1500米，以充分保护现场和周围的碎片。

最新的措施是最近发布的保护管理计划(CMP)的一部分，将限制在更大区域的活动，以保护船只和任何分散的文物。

这艘沉船于2022年3月被发现，位于威德尔海3000米深处。

英国南极遗产信托基金会首席执行官卡米拉·尼科尔强调了国际合作对保护该遗址免受潜在威胁的重要性。

尼科尔表示，鉴于“耐力号”沉船的深度、近永久海冰覆盖以及地处偏远，它受到了很好的保护。

作为南极探险英雄时代的象征，几十年来一直吸引着人们。

1915年“耐力号”搁浅并最终沉没后，沙克尔顿为营救船员所做的非凡努力仍然是传奇。

沉船在发现时状况良好，木材完好无损，海洋生物种类繁多，增添了它的历史价值。

随着深潜技术的进步和南极冰层的融化，沉船变得更加容易接近，这增加了人们对潜水器抢劫和意外损坏的担忧。

威德尔海捕鱼活动的增加也引发了人们的担忧，例如丢弃的渔具与沉船纠缠在一起。

参与南极条约体系的各国政府通过的《南极议定书》提出了更严格的保护措施，包括升级为南极特别保护区地位的可能性。

任何对沉船的参观都需要严格的许可证评估和专家监督。

ASPA的指定将于2025年正式进行，为未来南极洲具有历史意义的沉船树立先例。

海洋专家们好奇地想要调查沉船周围的生态系统，沉船是海绵、海葵和其他滤食性生物的人工珊瑚礁。

未来的研究规则要求所有获得的数据都要公开。

《国家地理》杂志将于今年晚些时候发布一段关于沉船发现的视频，其中将包括“耐力号”的3D扫描，这将提高公众对该船故事的兴趣。

来自历史英格兰的海洋考古学家海芬·米拉(Hefin Meara)强调了CMP在协调保护该遗址方面的重要性。

Meara表示，通过将这一战略整合在一起并将其提交给条约缔约方，他们获得了一种方法，使每个人都能在类似的框架和理解中工作。

耐力号航行的时间轴

1914年12月：耐力号离开南乔治亚州。

1915年2月：船被冰锁住。

1915年10月：船的木料开始断裂。

1915年11月：耐力号沉没

1916年4月：船员抵达象岛。

1916年5月：沙克尔顿在南乔治亚州寻求支持。

1916年8月：救援船在象岛营救船员。

▲Screengrab from YouTube video posted by BBC

▲Image Credits: WIkipedia

英文原文

Endurance, the legendary shipwreck from Sir Ernest Shackleton’s Antarctic expedition, has significantly expanded its protected perimeter.

The radius has been increased from 500 to 1500 meters to protect the site and surrounding debris adequately.

The updated measures, part of a recently released Conservation Management Plan (CMP), will restrict activities in the greater zone to protect the ship and any scattered relics.

The wreck was discovered in March 2022 and is located at a depth of 3000 meters in the Weddell Sea.

Camilla Nichol, CEO of the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust, emphasized the importance of international cooperation to protect the site from potential threats.

Nichol stated that the Endurance shipwreck is well protected given its depth, near permanent cover of sea ice, and remoteness.

The ship’s popularity as a symbol of the Heroic Age of Antarctic exploration has captivated people for decades.

Shackleton’s remarkable efforts to rescue his crew after the Endurance became stuck and eventually sank in 1915 remain legendary.



The wreck’s excellent condition upon discovery, with undamaged timbers and a variety of marine life, added to its historical value.



As deep-diving technology advances and Antarctic ice melts, the wreck becomes more accessible, increasing fears about looting and accidental damage by submersibles.



Increased fishing activities in the Weddell Sea also present concerns, such as discarded gear being entangled with the wreck.



The CMP, which has been adopted by governments participating in the Antarctic Treaty System, proposes stricter protection measures, including the possibility of upgrading to Antarctic Specially Protected Area status.



Any visits to the wreck would require severe permit evaluations and expert oversight.



The ASPA designation will be pursued formally in 2025, to set a precedent for future historically significant wrecks in Antarctica.



Marine experts are curious to investigate the ecosystem surrounding the wreck, which serves as an artificial reef for sponges, sea anemones, and other filter-feeding organisms.



Future research rules require that all acquired data be made publicly available.



A National Geographic video on the wreck’s discovery, set to be released later this year, will include a 3D scan of Endurance, increasing public interest in the ship’s story.



Hefin Meara, a marine archaeologist from Historic England, emphasized the importance of the CMP in coordinating efforts to safeguard the site.



Meara stated that by putting this strategy together and presenting it to the treaty parties, they gained a method for everyone to work inside a similar framework and understanding.



Timeline of Endurance’s voyage

December 1914: Endurance departs South Georgia.

February 1915: The ship becomes ice-locked.

October 1915: The vessel’s timbers begin to break.

November 1915: Endurance Sinks

April 1916: The crew reaches Elephant Island.

May 1916: Shackleton seeks support in South Georgia.

August 1916: The relief ship rescues the crew on Elephant Island.

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