本文来自：Tianjin FSC

英国海上事故调查局（MAIB）安全公告

一名码头工人使用舱门捷径离船致受伤死亡

事故描述

    一艘小型客船靠泊于在其通常使用的泊位，准备为一个离岸的小岛提供日常服务。该船船员正在等待离岸前审批的通过和新增船员上船。这时，一名负责给船舶系缆的码头工人，通过船舶舷梯登轮，准备和船员喝杯咖啡。

    该船主甲板两侧都装有一个舱门和一个覆盖近乎全部船壳长度的外围带（如图1）。当船上没有乘客时，舱门通常会保持在港内敞开以改善下甲板通风。没有任何障碍物守护这些开口处。

    泊位靠近港口，在该码头工人登轮后，由于船只在泊位处的海浪里缓慢地摇摆，舷梯被撤回。

    船员喝完咖啡后，他们返回甲板继续准备离港，码头工人独自在主甲板舱室。

    几分钟后，他们听到从船侧传来一声喊叫，低头看到岸上的工作人员被困在船侧和码头挡泥板之间的外围带上（如图2）。 他显然是想从舱门离开船只，然后沿着外围带走到一个可以跨越到码头的地方。

    船员们去帮他，但是无法将他重新运回到船上，只好把他放到水中。 其中一名船员跳入水中，以保持该工人漂浮起来且意识清醒，直到救生艇到达。救生艇很快就到了现场，并将该工人运回岸上进行医疗救助。

    不幸的是，尽快船员们采取了最佳措施，紧急服务也用上了，但该工人很快在医院死亡。

图1.舱门，船侧的外围带和扶手

事故教训

1.   码头工人接受的培训没有包含船上操作，因此他没有意识到使用舱门而非舷梯下船的危险性。

2.   船舶所有人应该确保他们允许登轮的所有人都接受了可能遇到的危险方面的培训。

3.   船员将系缆工当成了同事而非船上的访客。

4.   应设置程序以确保船员理解指导和培训访客的重要性。

5.   船方没有意识到乘客没有登轮时，在港内开着舱门，且没有守护的危险性。船东和船员应该确保风险评估覆盖船舶操作的各个方面。

图2.码头工人所困处

MABI报告原文 

Narrative

A small passenger vessel was alongside a berth it used regularly on its scheduled service to an off-lying island. The crew were waiting for the arrival of provisions and additional crew members before departure when a shore worker, whose job was to handle the vessel’s mooring lines from the quay, boarded via the vessel’s gangway for a cup of coffee with the crew.

The vessel was fitted with a shell door on each side of the main deck and an external belting that ran most of the length of the hull (Figure 1). When there were no passengers on board, the shell doors would normally be left open in port to improve lower deck ventilation.

There were no barriers to guard the resulting openings. The berth was close to the harbour entrance, and after the shore worker had boarded, the gangway was withdrawn as the vessel was rolling moderately at the berth in the swell.

When the crew had finished their drinks they returned to deck to continue preparations for departure, leaving the shore worker alone in the main deck saloon.

A few minutes later they heard a cry from the side of the vessel and looked down to see that the shore worker was trapped on the belting, between the vessel’s side and a quayside fender (Figure 2). He had apparently decided to leave the vessel through the shell door and walk along the belting to an area where he would have been able to step across onto the quay.

The crew went to the man’s assistance but were unable to recover him back onto the vessel and they had to lower him into the water. One of the crew jumped into the water to keep the man afloat and conscious until a lifeboat arrived. The lifeboat was quickly on scene and recovered the man ashore for medical assistance.

Tragically, despite the best endeavours of the crew and the emergency services, the shore worker died in hospital a short time later.

The Lessons

1. The shore worker’s training had not included shipboard operations and so he did not recognise the danger of using the shell door to disembark instead of the gangway.

2. Owners should ensure that anyone they allow to access their vessels unescorted is trained in the potential hazards they may encounter on board.

3. The crew regarded the line handler as a co-worker rather than as a visitor to the vessel.

4. Procedures need to be in place to ensure that crews understand the importance of supervising and/or training visitors.

5. The hazards associated with leaving the shell doors open and unguarded when in port, with no passengers embarked, had not been recognised. Owners and crews should ensure that risk assessments cover all aspects of their vessels’ operations.

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