2/O Operation

              已然做到第三条船三副，三副相关知识、业务方面可以说了然于胸，是时候提升自己，挑战一下二副业务。很多人讲全面电子化下的二副很轻松也很简单，但是我还是想在做上去之前尽可能的去完善、充实自己。以下整理内容，参考SOLAS IV & V 以及USCG PORT STATE CONTROL Job Aid.具体内容出处也会做相应标注，敬请业界相关大佬斧正！

                航行注意事项

      本部分内容只是建议！

       本部分内容只针对于仅仅跑过长航线且有可能需要跑近洋提职的相关新证二副、三副，跑过内贸及东南亚线可自行跳过，一直跑长航线的也可自行跳过，你们在航行方面不会存在这些问题。说来也巧，总共就跑过四条船，四条船竟然囊括了近洋型、灵便型、巴拿马极限型、好望角型以及超大型矿砂船（VLOC）。每条船都能给我带来新鲜感，也都能学到很多航行知识。

1、 安全前提下，尽可能缩短甚高频联络距离。之前放大洋航行时遇到一条交叉相遇船舶，竟然20 NM以上提前联络避让（开12海里雷达偏心显示，雷达上没有他的相关信息）。虽然说早、大、宽、清是良好船艺的体现，但是提前20 NM，且又是老破船（VHF 信号极差、AIS信息我轮捕捉不得）这样的联络有何意义？谁能保证接下来的一个多小时就没有其它状况的发生？

2、 通航分道前后以及引水站附近，需要注意前方船舶动态，无论对方速度大小假定危险局面操作！尤其是韩国仁川水域、日本关门水域，接连两条船遇到他轮在航道中间无征兆减速，备便上引水，以及未出分道通航大角度调整航向驶离分道通航水域！

3、 琼州海峡注意渔船附近时候有人野游，即便是在分道通航内航行！避让时注意帮他远离我轮螺旋桨

4、 越南水域注意“小盆子”！小盆子是木质结构，雷达极难发现且示险灯光很微弱！建议将S波段雷达调成大比例尺、北向上、相对运动的相对显示模式，用以辅助肉眼瞭望！

5、 早、大、宽、清是对自己的要求，同样也是自己良好船艺的表现！但是别用早、大、宽、清来要求别人，只要他没有背离规则妨害你正常航行，如果自己觉得危险，即便我方为直航船也允许让路以安全会遇.

6、 航经长江口至舟山水域，特别注意一条龙沙船船队！无AIS信号、航向一致且排队间距极小！要提前联系，必要时激光灯、汽笛警示（日光信号灯对他们无效）！

一、 Radiocommunications 无线电通信设备（SOLAS Chapter IV – Radiocommunications）

 SOLAS相关要求

Regulation 4 - Functional Requirements 

1 Every ship, while at sea, shall be capable: 航行在海上的船舶应能

.1 except as provided in regulations 8.1.1 and 10.1.4.3, of transmitting ship-to-shore distress alerts by at least two separate and independent means, each using a different radiocommunication service; 除第8.1.1条河第10.1.4.3条规定外，由至少两台分开且独立的装置发送船对岸报警，且每台装置应使用不同的无线电通信业务

.2 of receiving shore-to-ship distress alerts;     

     接收岸对船遇险报警

.3 of transmitting and receiving ship-to-ship distress alerts;    

     发送和接收船对船遇险报警

.4 of transmitting and receiving search and rescue co-ordinating communications;  

      发送和接收搜救协调通信

 .5 of transmitting and receiving on-scene communications;

      发送和接收现场通信

.6 of transmitting and, as required by regulation V/19.2.3.2, receiving signals for locating;*

       发送和按第V/19.2.3.2条要求接收的定位信号

     * Refer to Carriage of radar operating in the frequency band 9,300-9,500 MHz (resolution A.614(15))

           参见A.614(15)决议《关于在9,300-9,500 MHz频带上工作的雷达配备》

.7 of transmitting and receiving** maritime safety information;

     发送和接收海上安全信息

 It should be noted that ships may have a need for reception of certain maritime safety information while in port.

应注意船舶在港期间有可能受到有必要接收某些海上安全信息

.8 of transmitting and receiving general radiocommunications to and from shore-based radio systems or networks subject to regulation 15.8; and

    向海岸无线电系统或网络发送和接收第15.8条所述的一般无线电通信；和

.9 of transmitting and receiving bridge-to-bridge communications.

     发送和接收驾驶台对驾驶台通信

无线电章节新规Regulation 4-1 - GMDSS Satellite Providers

   The Maritime Safety Committee shall determine the criteria, procedures and arrangements for the evaluation, recognition, review and oversight of the provision of mobile satellite communication services in the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) pursuant to the provisions of this chapter.*

   海事安全委员会应根据本章的规定确定评估、承认、审查和监督全球海上遇险和安全系统（GMDSS）中提供移动卫星通信服务的标准、程序和安排。

Refer to Criteria for the provision of mobile satellite communication systems in the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) (resolution A.1001(25)) and Guidance to prospective GMDSS satellite service providers (MSC.1/Circ.1414). 

请参阅全球海上遇险和安全系统提供移动卫星通信系统的标准（A.1001（25）号决议）和对未来全球海上遇险和安全系统卫星服务提供商的指导意见（MSC.1/Circ.1414）。

Regulation 5 - Provision of Radiocommunication Services

                                   无线电通信业务的规定 

1 Each Contracting Government undertakes to make available, as it deems practical and necessary either individually or in co-operation with other Contracting Governments, appropriate shore-based facilities for space and terrestrial radiocommunication services having due regard to the recommendations of the Organization.* These services are:

   缔约国政府承诺，在其认为可行和必要时，充分考虑本组织的建议案，单独或与其它缔约国政府合作，为空间和地面无线电通信业务提供适当的岸基设施这些业务是

.1 a radiocommunication service utilizing geostationary satellites in the Maritime Mobile-Satellite Service;

    在海上移动卫星业务中利用对地静止卫星的无线电通信业务

.2 a radiocommunication service utilizing polar orbiting satellites in the mobile-satellite service;

       在海上移动卫星业务中利用极轨道卫星的无线电通信业务

.3 the maritime mobile service in the bands between 156 MHz and 174 MHz;

      在156 MHz and 174 MHz频带的海上移动业务

.4 the maritime mobile service in the bands between 4,000 kHz and 27,500 kHz; and

      在4,000 kHz and 27,500 kHz频带的海上移动业务

.5 the maritime mobile service in the bands between 415 kHz and 535 kHz** and between 1,605 kHz and 4,000 kHz.

     在415 kHz and 535 kHz和1,605 kHz and 4,000 kHz之间频带的海上移动业务

Refer to Implementation of the NAVTEX system as a component of the World-Wide Navigational Warning Service (resolution A617(15)).

 参见A617(15)决议《关于作为世界范围航行的航行警告业务的一部分NAVTEX系统设施》

2 Each Contracting Government undertakes to provide the Organization with pertinent information concerning the shore-based facilities in the maritime mobile service, mobile-satellite service and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Service, established for sea areas which it has designated off its coasts.***

      各缔约国政府承担义务向本组织提供关于在其沿海指定海区建立的海上移动业务、移动卫星业务和海上移动业务的岸基设施的有关资料

      The Master Plan of shore-based facilities for the GMDSS based on information provided by Contracting Governments is circulated to all concerned by means of GMDSS circulars.

         根据缔约国政府提供的信息，GMDSS岸基设置的总布置图，将通过GMDSS通函向所有有关方面通告

Regulation 5-1 - Global Maritime Distress and Safety System Identities 全球海上遇险和安全系统标识

1 This regulation applies to all ships on all voyages.

   本条适用于所有航行的所有船舶

2 Each Contracting Government undertakes to ensure that suitable arrangements are made for registering global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) identities and for making information on these identities available to rescue co-ordination centres on a 24-hour basis. Where appropriate, international organizations maintaining a registry of these identities shall be notified by the Contracting Government of these assignments.

    各缔约国政府承担义务确保做出适当安排以登记GMDSS识别码。如适合，缔约国政府应向保存这些识别码登记的国际组织通报所授予的识别码。

Regulation 6 - Radio Installations 无线电装置

1 Every ship shall be provided with radio installations capable of complying with the functional requirements prescribed by regulation 4 throughout its intended voyage and, unless exempted under regulation 3, complying with the requirements of regulation 7 and, as appropriate for the sea area or areas through which it will pass during its intended voyage, the requirements of either regulation 8, 9, 10 or 11.

　每艘船舶应设有在其整个预定航程中均能符合第 4 条所述之功能要求的无线电装置； 除非按第 3 条已免除外，所有无线电装置应能符合第 7 条的要求以及第 8、9、10 或 11 条的 要求（视预定航程所通过的海区或多个海区而定）。

2 Every radio installation shall:

每台无线电装置应

.1 be so located that no harmful interference of mechanical, electrical or other origin affects its proper use, and so as to ensure electromagnetic compatibility and avoidance of harmful interaction with other equipment and systems;

   安装在机械、电气或其他干扰源的有害干扰不会影响其正常使用的地方，从而确 保电磁兼容性，避免与其他设备和系统产生有害的相互干扰；

.2 be so located as to ensure the greatest possible degree of safety and operational availability;

   安装在最安全和易操作的地方

.3 be protected against harmful effects of water, extremes of temperature and other adverse environmental conditions;

    避免受水、极端温度和其他不利环境条件的有害影响

.4 be provided with reliable, permanently arranged electrical lighting, independent of the main and emergency sources of electrical power, for the adequate illumination of the radio controls for operating the radio installation; and

    配备独立于主电源和应急电源的可靠的、永久布置的电气照明，为操纵无线电装 置的无线电控制台提供足够照明；和

.5 be clearly marked with the call sign, the ship station identity and other codes as applicable for the use of the radio installation.

    清楚地标明船舶呼号，船舶电台识别码及适于无线电装置使用的其他代码。

3 Control of the VHF radiotelephone channels, required for navigational safety, shall be immediately available on the navigation bridge convenient to the conning position and, where necessary, facilities should be available to permit radiocommunications from the wings of the navigation bridge. Portable VHF equipment may be used to meet the latter provision.

    航行安全所需要的 VHF 无线电话频道控制器，应设在驾驶室指挥位置附近，可供随时 使用，必要时，应具有能从驾驶室两翼进行无线电通信的设施，此要求可由手提式 VHF 设备 来满足。

  4，5，6为对客船要求，省略。

Regulation 7 - Radio Equipment: General 无线电设备：通则 

1 Every ship shall be provided with:   

.1 a VHF radio installation capable of transmitting and receiving:

  1 台能发送和接收的 VHF 无线电装置：

.1.1 DSC on the frequency 156.525 MHz (channel 70). It shall be possible to initiate the transmission of distress alerts on channel 70 from the position from which the ship is normally navigated;* and

在 156.525 MHz（70 频道）频率上的 DSC。其应能从船舶通常驾驶的位置，在 70 频道上启动遇险报警的发送①；和

.1.2 radiotelephony on the frequencies 156.300 MHz (channel 6), 156.650 MHz (channel 13) and 156.800 MHz (channel 16);

　在 156.300 MHz（6 频道）、156.650 MHz（13 频道）和 156.800 MHz（16 频道） 频率上的无线电话；

.2 a radio installation capable of maintaining a continuous DSC watch on VHF channel 70 which may be separate from, or combined with, that required by subparagraph 1.1;*

　1台能在 VHF-70频道上保持连续 DSC值班的无线电装置，该装置可以与第 7.1.1.1 条所要求的功能分开或相结合①；

Certain ships may be exempted from this requirement (see regulation 9.4).

　某些船舶可以免除该要求（参见第 9.4 条）

新规.3 a search and rescue locating device capable of operating either in the 9 GHz band or on frequencies dedicated for AIS, which:

　1 台能在 9 GHz 频带上工作的雷达应答器，或专用于 AIS 的频率上运行，其

.3.1 shall be so stowed that it can be easily utilized; and

      应便于使用的收起;和

.3.2 may be one of those required by regulation III/6.2.2 for a survival craft;

       可以是条例III/6.2.2对救助飞行器的要求之一;

.4 a receiver capable of receiving international NAVTEX service broadcasts if the ship is engaged on voyages in any area in which an international NAVTEX service is provided;

    如果船舶在提供国际NAVTEX服务的任何地区航行，则能够接收国际NAVTEX服务广播的接收器;

.5 a radio facility for reception of maritime safety information by a recognized mobile satellite service enhanced group calling system if the ship is engaged in voyages in sea area A1, or A2 or A3 but in which an international NAVTEX service is not provided. However, ships engaged exclusively in voyages in areas where an HF direct-printing telegraphy maritime safety information service is provided and fitted with equipment capable of receiving such service, may be exempt from this requirement.**

    　1 台接收来自 Inmarsat 增强群呼系统的海上安全信息的无线电设备（如果船 舶航行在 Inmarsat 所覆盖的，但不具有国际 NAVTEX 业务的任何区域内）。但是， 如果船舶仅航行在具有高频（HF）直接印字电报海上安全信息业务的区域，而且 该船已装设了能接收这种业务的设备，则可免除本要求。

Refer to the Recommendation on promulgation of maritime safety information adopted by the Organization by resolution A.705(17), as amended.

　参见本组织 A.705(17) 决议通过的《关于发布海上安全信息的建议案》。

.6 subject to the provisions of regulation 8.3, a satellite emergency position-indicating radio beacon (satellite EPIRB)*** which shall be:

   1 台卫星应急无线电示位标（卫星 EPIRB）④，且应考虑到第 8.3 条的规定，该 示位标应：

.6.1 capable of transmitting a distress alert through the polar orbiting satellite service operating in the 406 MHz band;

    能通过在 406 MHz 频带上工作的极轨道卫星业务发送遇险报警，或如果船舶 仅航行在 Inmarsat 所覆盖的区域⑤，能通过在 1.6 GHz 频带上工作的 Inmarsat 对地静止卫星业务发送遇险报警；

.6.2 installed in an easily accessible position;

     　安装在易于接近的位置；

.6.3 ready to be manually released and capable of being carried by one person into a survival craft;

      可随时由人工释放并能由一人携入救生艇筏；                      注：个人理解救生艇同样需要携带！

.6.4 capable of floating free if the ship sinks and of being automatically activated when afloat; and

       当船舶沉没时，能自由漂浮，并当浮起时，能自动启动发送遇险报警；和

.6.5 capable of being activated manually.

       　能人工启动发送遇险报警。

2 Every passenger ship shall be provided with means for two-way on-scene radiocommunications for search and rescue purposes using the aeronautical frequencies 121.5 MHz and 123.1 MHz from the position from which the ship is normally navigated.

      　每艘客船都应设有从船舶通常驾驶的位置与现场用航空频率 121.5MHz 和 123.1MHz 进 行以搜救为目的的双向无线电通信的设备。

注：A1，A1A2规则自行查看Reg.8&Reg.9

Regulation 10 - Radio Equipment: Sea Areas A1, A2 and A3

                          无线电设备：A1、A2 和 A3 海区

1 In addition to meeting the requirements of regulation 7, every ship engaged on voyages beyond sea areas A1 and A2, but remaining within sea area A3, shall, if it does not comply with the requirements of paragraph 2, be provided with:

    超出 A1 和 A2 海区，但仍在 A3 海区范围内航行的每艘船舶，除满足第 7 条的要求外， 若不符合本条 2 的要求，则还应设有：

新规.1 a recognized mobile satellite service ship earth station capable of:

   公认的移动卫星服务船地面站，能够  （注：以前要求为IMMARSAT,现不做具指要求）

.1.1 transmitting and receiving distress and safety communications using direct-printing telegraphy;

    使用直接印刷电报发送和接收遇险和安全通信

.1.2 initiating and receiving distress priority calls;

     发起和接收遇险优先呼叫

.1.3 maintaining watch for shore-to-ship distress alerts, including those directed to specifically defined geographical areas;

     保持岸对船遇险报警的值班，包括对特别定义的地理性区域的遇险报警的值班；

.1.4 transmitting and receiving general radiocommunications, using either radiotelephony or direct-printing telegraphy; and

    使用无线电话或直接印字电报发送和接收一般无线电通信；和

.2 an MF radio installation capable of transmitting and receiving, for distress and safety purposes, on the frequencies:

    1 台能在下述频率上为遇险和安全目的进行发送和接收的 MF 无线电装置：   

.2.1 2,187.5 kHz using DSC; and

     　在 2,187.5 kHz 频率上使用 DSC 工作；和

.2.2 2,182 kHz using radiotelephony; and

        在 2,182 kHz 频率上使用无线电话工作；和

.3 a radio installation capable of maintaining a continuous DSC watch on the frequency 2,187.5 kHz which may be separate from or combined with that required by subparagraph .2.1; and

       1 台能在 2,187.5 kHz 频率上保持连续 DSC 值班的无线电装置。该装置可以与本 条 2.1 所要求的功能分开或相结合；和

.4 means of initiating the transmission of ship-to-shore distress alerts by a radio service operating either:

       通过下述无线电业务启动发送船对岸遇险报警的无线电装置，该遇险报警的发送可

.4.1 through the polar orbiting satellite service on 406 MHz; this requirement may be fulfilled by the satellite EPIRB, required by regulation 7.1.6, either by installing the satellite EPIRB close to, or by remote activation from, the position from which the ship is normally navigated; or

     通过在 406 MHz 频率上工作的极轨道卫星业务进行；此要求可由第 7.1.6 条所 要求的卫星 EPIRB 来满足，该卫星 EPIRB 应位于靠近船舶通常驾驶的位置，或 能从船舶通常驾驶的位置遥控启动；或

.4.2 on HF using DSC; or

      在 HF 频带上使用 DSC 进行；或

.4.3 through a recognized mobile satellite service by an additional ship earth station.

    通过 Inmarsat 静止卫星业务进行，增加一台船舶地面站或用第 7.1.6 条所要 求的卫星 EPIRB，该卫星 EPIRB 应位于靠近船舶通常驾驶的位置，或可以从船 舶通常驾驶的位置遥控启动。

2 In addition to meeting the requirements of regulation 7, every ship engaged on voyages beyond sea areas A1 and A2, but remaining within sea area A3, shall, if it does not comply with the requirements of paragraph 1, be provided with:

    超出 A1 和 A2 海区，但仍在 A3 海区范围内航行的每艘船舶，除满足第 7 条的要求外， 若不符合本条 1 的要求，则还应设有：

.1 an MF/HF radio installation capable of transmitting and receiving, for distress and safety purposes, on all distress and safety frequencies in the bands between 1,605 kHz and 4,000 kHz and between 4,000 kHz and 27,500 kHz:

    1 台在 1,605 ～ 4,000 kHz 和 4,000 ～ 27,500 kHz 频带内的所有遇险和安全频 率上，为遇险和安全目的进行发送和接收的中／高频（MF/HF）无线电装置：

.1.1 using DSC;

.1.2 using radiotelephony; and

.1.3 using direct-printing telegraphy; and

.2 equipment capable of maintaining DSC watch on 2,187.5 kHz, 8,414.5 kHz and on at least one of the distress and safety DSC frequencies 4,207.5 kHz, 6,312 kHz, 12,577 kHz or 16,804.5 kHz; at any time, it shall be possible to select any of these DSC distress and safety frequencies. This equipment may be separate from, or combined with, the equipment required by subparagraph .1; and

    　能在 2,187.5 kHz、8,414.5 kHz 频率上以及至少在遇险和安全 DSC 频率 4,207.5 kHz、 6,312 kHz、12,577 kHz 或 16,804.5 kHz 中的一个频率上保持 DSC 值班的设备；在任 何时候，应能选择这些 DSC 遇险和安全频率中的任一频率。该设备可以与上述 .1 所 要求的设备分开或与其合为一体；和

.3 means of initiating the transmission of ship-to-shore distress alerts by a radiocommunication service other than HF operating either:

通过除 HF 以外的无线电通信业务启动发送船对岸遇险报警的装置，该遇险报警 的发送可以：

.3.1 through the polar orbiting satellite service on 406 MHz; this requirement may be fulfilled by the satellite EPIRB, required by regulation 7.1.6, either by installing the satellite EPIRB close to, or by remote activation from, the position from which the ship is normally navigated; or

.3.1　通过在 406 MHz 频率上工作的极轨道卫星业务进行；此要求可由第 7.1.6 条所 要求的卫星 EPIRB 来满足，该卫星 EPIRB 应位于靠近船舶通常驾驶的位置，或 能从船舶通常驾驶的位置遥控启动；或

新规.3.2 through a recognized mobile satellite service by a ship earth station; and

    通过船舶地面站认可的移动卫星服务;和

.4 in addition, ships shall be capable of transmitting and receiving general radiocommunications using radiotelephony or direct-printing telegraphy by an MF/HF radio installation operating on working frequencies in the bands between 1,605 kHz and 4,000 kHz and between 4,000 kHz and 27,500 kHz. This requirement may be fulfilled by the addition of this capability in the equipment required by subparagraph .1.

   此外，船舶应能通过在 1,605 ～ 4,000 kHz 和 4,000 ～ 27,500 kHz 频带内的工 作频率上工作的 MF/HF 无线电装置，使用无线电话或直接印字电报进行发送和接 收一般无线电通信。此要求可由上述 .1 所要求的设备增加该性能来满足。

3 It shall be possible to initiate transmission of distress alerts by the radio installations specified in paragraphs 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.3 from the position from which the ship is normally navigated.

     在本条 1.1、1.2、1.4、2.1 和 2.3 中所规定的无线电装置应能从船舶通常驾驶的位 置启动发送遇险报警

4 The Administration may exempt ships constructed before 1 February 1997, and engaged exclusively on voyages within sea areas A2 and A3, from the requirements of regulations 7.1.1.1 and 7.1.2 provided such ships maintain, when practicable, a continuous listening watch on VHF channel 16. This watch shall be kept at the position from which the ship is normally navigated.

   对 1997 年 2 月 1 日以前建造的且仅航行于 A2 和 A3 海区的船舶，在实际可行时，只 要这些船舶在其通常驾驶的位置在 VHF 16 频道上保持连续守听值班，主管机关可免除第 7.1.1.1 条和 7.1.2 条的要求

Regulation 11 - Radio Equipment: Sea Areas A1, A2, A3 and A4 

1 In addition to meeting the requirements of regulation 7, ships engaged on voyages in all sea areas shall be provided with the radio installations and equipment required by regulation 10.2, except that the equipment required by regulation 10.2.3.2 shall not be accepted as an alternative to that required by regulation 10.2.3.1, which shall always be provided. In addition, ships engaged on voyages in all sea areas shall comply with the requirements of regulation 10.3.

　航行于所有海区的船舶，除满足第 7 条的要求外，还应设有第 10.2 条所要求的无线 电装置和设备，但是，不应接受用第 10.2.3.2 条所要求的设备替代第 10.2.3.1 条所要求的 设备，因为第 10.2.3.1 条所要求的设备应始终是必备的。此外，航行于所有海区的船舶还应 满足第 10.3 条的要求。

2 The Administration may exempt ships constructed before 1 February 1997, and engaged exclusively on voyages within sea areas A2, A3 and A4, from the requirements of regulations 7.1.1.1 and 7.1.2 provided such ships maintain, when practicable, a continuous listening watch on VHF channel 16. This watch shall be kept at the position from which the ship is normally navigated.

　对 1997 年 2 月 1 日以前建造的且仅航行于 A2、A3 和 A4 海区的船舶，在实际可行时， 只要这些船舶在其通常驾驶的位置在 VHF 16 频道上保持连续守听值班，主管机关可免除第 7.1.1.1 条和 7.1.2 条的要求。

Regulation 12 - Watches 

1 Every ship, while at sea, shall maintain a continuous watch:

    每艘船舶在海上时：

.1 on VHF DSC channel 70, if the ship, in accordance with the requirements of regulation 7.1.2, is fitted with a VHF radio installation;

　根据第 7.1.2 条的要求，如安装有 VHF 无线电装置，应在 VHF 的 DSC 70 频道保 持连续值班；

.2 on the distress and safety DSC frequency 2,187.5 kHz, if the ship, in accordance with the requirements of regulation 9.1.2 or 10.1.3, is fitted with an MF radio installation;

根据第 9.1.2 条或 10.1.3 条的要求，如安装有 MF 无线电装置，应在 DSC 遇险 和安全频率 2,187.5 kHz 上保持连续值班；

.3 on the distress and safety DSC frequencies 2,187.5 kHz and 8,414.5 kHz and also on at least one of the distress and safety DSC frequencies 4,207.5 kHz, 6,312 kHz, 12,577 kHz or 16,804.5 kHz, appropriate to the time of day and the geographical position of the ship, if the ship, in accordance with the requirements of regulation 10.2.2 or 11.1, is fitted with an MF/HF radio installation. This watch may be kept by means of a scanning receiver;

根据第 10.2.2 条或 11.1 条的要求，安装有 MF/HF 无线电装置的船舶，在 DSC 遇 险和安全频率 2,187.5 kHz 和 8,414.5 kHz 频率上以及至少在 DSC 遇险和安全频率 4,207.5 kHz、 6,312 kHz、12,577 kHz 或 16,804.5 kHz 中的一个频率上保持连续值 班，视一天中的时间和船舶所在的地理位置而定。可用扫描接收机来保持该值班

新规.4 for satellite shore-to-ship distress alerts, if the ship, in accordance with the requirements of regulation 10.1.1, is fitted with a recognized mobile satellite service ship earth station.

 根据第 10.2.2 条或 11.1 条的要求，安装有 MF/HF 无线电装置的船舶，在 DSC 遇 险和安全频率 2,187.5 kHz 和 8,414.5 kHz 频率上以及至少在 DSC 遇险和安全频率 4,207.5 kHz、 6,312 kHz、12,577 kHz 或 16,804.5 kHz 中的一个频率上保持连续值 班，视一天中的时间和船舶所在的地理位置而定。可用扫描接收机来保持该值班

2 Every ship, while at sea, shall maintain a radio watch for broadcasts of maritime safety information on the appropriate frequency or frequencies on which such information is broadcast for the area in which the ship is navigating.

每艘船舶在海上时，应在向该船舶航行区域发布海上安全信息的适当频率或多个频率 上，对海上安全信息的播发保持无线电值班

3 Until 1 February 1999 or until such other date as may be determined by the Maritime Safety Committee,* every ship while at sea shall maintain, when practicable, a continuous listening watch on VHF channel 16. This watch shall be kept at the position from which the ship is normally navigated.

至 1999 年 2 月 1 日或至海上安全委员会可能确定的其他日期，每艘船舶在海上时， 如实际可行，应在船舶通常驾驶的位置在 VHF 16 频道上保持连续守听值班

Regulation 13 - Sources of Energy 　电源

1 There shall be available at all times, while the ship is at sea, a supply of electrical energy sufficient to operate the radio installations and to charge any batteries used as part of a reserve source or sources of energy for the radio installations.

船舶在海上时，应始终可获得足够的电源供无线电装置工作，并对作为无线电装置的 1 个或多个备用电源组成部分的蓄电池进行充电。

2 A reserve source or sources of energy shall be provided on every ship, to supply radio installations, for the purpose of conducting distress and safety radiocommunications, in the event of failure of the ship's main and emergency sources of electrical power. The reserve source or sources of energy shall be capable of simultaneously operating the VHF radio installation required by regulation 7.1.1 and, as appropriate for the sea area or sea areas for which the ship is equipped, either the MF radio installation required by regulation 9.1.1, the MF/HF radio installation required by regulation 10.2.1 or 11.1, or the ship earth station required by regulation 10.1.1 and any of the additional loads mentioned in paragraphs 4, 5 and 8 for a period of at least:

 每艘船舶应设有 1 个或多个备用电源，当船舶主电源和应急电源发生故障时，向无线 电装置供电，以便进行遇险和安全通信。该 1 个或多个备用电源应能同时供电给第 7.1.1 所 要求的 VHF 无线电装置，和第 9.1.1 条所要求的 MF 无线电装置、第 10.2.1 条或 11.1 条所要 求的 MF/HF 无线电装置，或第 10.1.1 条所要求的 Inmarsat 船舶地面站（视船舶为之配备的 海区或多个海区而定），以及供电给本条 4、5 和 8 所提及的任何附加负载，其供电时间至少为

.1 1 h on ships provided with an emergency source of electrical power, if such source of power complies fully with all relevant provisions of regulation II-1/42 or 43, including the supply of such power to the radio installations; and

　对于船舶配有的应急电源，如其完全符合第 II-1/42 条或 43 条所有相关要求， 包括向无线电装置供电，1 h；和

.2 6 h on ships not provided with an emergency source of electrical power complying fully with all relevant provisions of regulation II-1/42 or 43, including the supply of such power to the radio installations.*

对于船舶配有的应急电源，如其不完全符合第 II-1/42 条或 43 条有关要求，包 括向无线电装置供电，6 h

For guidance, the following formula is recommended for determining the electrical load to be supplied by the reserve source of energy for each radio installation required for distress conditions: 1/2 of the current consumption necessary for transmission + the current consumption necessary for reception + the current consumption of any additional loads.

作为指导，建议用以下公式来确定在遇险情况下对于每台无线电装置备用电源所能供给的电负荷：1/2 发射所消耗的 电流＋接收所消耗的电流＋任何附加负载消耗的电流

The reserve source or sources of energy need not supply independent HF and MF radio installations at the same time.

　备用能源不需要同时提供独立的HF和MF无线电装置。

3 The reserve source or sources of energy shall be independent of the propelling power of the ship and the ship's electrical system.

   备用能源应独立于船舶的推进动力和船舶的电气系统。

4 Where, in addition to the VHF radio installation, two or more of the other radio installations, referred to in paragraph 2, can be connected to the reserve source or sources of energy, they shall be capable of simultaneously supplying, for the period specified, as appropriate, in paragraph 2.1 or 2.2, the VHF radio installation and:

　除 VHF 无线电装置以外，当本条 2 所提及的 2 个或 2 个以上的其他无线电装置能同 1 个或多个备用电源相连时，应能在本条 2.1 或 2.2（视何者适用）所规定的时间内，同时向 VHF 无线电装置和下述装置供电：

.1 all other radio installations which can be connected to the reserve source or sources of energy at the same time; or

　能同时与 1 个或多个备用电源相连的所有其他无线电装置；或

.2 whichever of the other radio installations will consume the most power, if only one of the other radio installations can be connected to the reserve source or sources of energy at the same time as the VHF radio installation.

  如果其他无线电装置中仅 1 台能同时和 VHF 无线电装置一起与 1 个或多个备用 电源相连时，则应取其他无线电装置中耗电最大的 1 台。

5 The reserve source or sources of energy may be used to supply the electrical lighting required by regulation 6.2.4.

备用能源可用于提供法规6.2.4要求的电气照明。

6 Where a reserve source of energy consists of a rechargeable accumulator battery or batteries:

如果备用能源由一个或多个可充电蓄电池组成：

.1 a means of automatically charging such batteries shall be provided which shall be capable of recharging them to minimum capacity requirements within 10 h; and

　应设有对这些蓄电池自动充电的装置，该装置应能在 10 h 内通过充电使蓄电池 达到最小容量要求；和

.2 the capacity of the battery or batteries shall be checked, using an appropriate method,** at intervals not exceeding 12 months, when the ship is not at sea.

  应在不超过 12 个月的间隔期内，使用适当的方法对不在航的船舶检查蓄电池 或蓄电池组的容量。

One method of checking the capacity of an accumulator battery is to fully discharge and recharge the battery, using normal operating current and period (e.g. 10 h). Assessment of the charge condition can be made at any time, but it should be done without significant discharge of the battery when the ship is at sea.

检查蓄电池容量的一种方法是，用正常工作电流和时间（例如 10 h）对蓄电池彻底地放电和充电。在任何时候都可对 充电情况进行评定，但是，当船舶在海上时，不应进行大量放电

7 The siting and installation of accumulator batteries which provide a reserve source of energy shall be such as to ensure:

.1 the highest degree of service;

.2 a reasonable lifetime;

.3 reasonable safety;

.4 that battery temperatures remain within the manufacturer's specifications whether under charge or idle; and

.5 that when fully charged, the batteries will provide at least the minimum required hours of operation under all weather conditions.

8 If an uninterrupted input of information from the ship's navigational or other equipment to a radio installation required by this chapter, including the navigation receiver referred to in regulation 18, is needed to ensure its proper performance, means shall be provided to ensure the continuous supply of such information in the event of failure of the ship's main or emergency source of electrical power.

　如果需要将船舶的导航或其他设备的信息连续输入到本章要求的无线电装置（包括第 18 条中所述的导航接收装置）中以确保其适当的性能，应具有能确保在船舶主电源或应急电 源发生故障时继续提供此类信息的措施

Regulation 14 - Performance Standards 性能标准

1 All equipment to which this chapter applies shall be of a type approved by the Administration. Such equipment shall conform to appropriate performance standards not inferior to those adopted by the Organization.*

本章适用的所有设备应为主管机关认可的型式。这些设备所符合的相应性能标准应不 低于本组织通过的性能标准

Refer to the following resolutions adopted by the Assembly of the Organization:

.1 Performance standards for narrow-band direct-printing telegraph equipment for the reception of navigational and meteorological warnings and urgent information to ships (resolution A.525(13), as revised);

.2 General requirements for shipborne radio equipment forming part of the global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) and for electronic navigational aids (resolution A.694(17));

.3 Performance standards for ship earth stations capable of two-way communications (resolution A.808(19), as revised) and Type approval of ship earth stations (resolution A.570(14)) and Performance standards for Inmarsat ship earth stations capable of two-way communications (MSC.130(75));

.4 Performance standards for shipborne VHF radio installations capable of voice communication and digital selective calling (resolution A.803(19), as amended) and resolution MSC.68(68), annex 1 (valid for equipment installed on or after 1 January 2000);

.5 Performance standards for shipborne MF radio installations capable of voice communication and digital selective calling (resolution A.804(19), as amended), and resolution MSC.68(68), annex 2 (valid for equipment installed on or after 1 January 2000);

.6 Performance standards for shipborne MF/HF radio installations capable of voice communication, narrow-band direct-printing and digital selective calling (resolution A.806(19), as amended) and resolution MSC.68(68), annex 3 (valid for equipment installed on or after 1 January 2000);

.7 Performance standards for float-free satellite emergency position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) operating on 406 MHz (Resolution A.810(19)) (MSC.120(74)) and Type approval of satellite emergency position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) operating in the COSPAS-SARSAT system (resolution A.696(17));

.8 Performance standards for survival craft radar transponders for use in search and rescue operations (resolution A.802(19), as amended);

.9 Performance standards for float-free VHF emergency position-indicating radio beacons (Resolution A.805(19));

.10 Performance standards for Inmarsat-C ship earth stations capable of transmitting and receiving direct-printing communications (resolution A.807(19), as amended) and resolution MSC.68(68), annex 3 (valid for equipment installed on or after 1 January 2000), and Type approval of ship earth stations (resolution A.570(14));

.11 Performance standards for enhanced group call equipment (Resolution MSC.306(87));

.12 Performance standards for float-free and activation arrangements for emergency radio equipment (Resolution A.662(16));

.13 System performance standard for the promulgation and co-ordination of maritime safety information using high-frequency narrow-band direct printing (Resolution A.699(17));

.14 Adoption of the revised performance standards for narrow-band direct-printing telegraph equipment for the reception of navigational and meteorological warnings and urgent information to ships (NAVTEX) (resolution MSC. 148(77));

.15 Performance standards for a shipborne integrated radiocommunication system (IRCS) when used in the GMDSS (Resolution A.811(19));and 

.16 Performance standards for on-scene (aeronautical) two-way portable VHF radiotelephone apparatus (resolution MSC.80(70), annex 1).

Satellite EPIRBs shall be:

.1 annually tested for all aspects of operational efficiency, with special emphasis on checking the emission on operational frequencies, coding and registration, at intervals as specified below:

.1 on passenger ships, within 3 months before the expiry date of the Passenger Ship Safety Certificate; and

.2 on cargo ships, within 3 months before the expiry date, or 3 months before or after the anniversary date, of the Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate.

The test may be conducted on board the ship or at an approved testing station; and

.2 subject to maintenance at intervals not exceeding five years, to be performed at an approved shore-based maintenance facility.

 USCG PORT STATE CONTROL Job   

56. Examine radiotelephone (VHF) 检查无线电话 （VHF）

• Verify installation     验证安装    

SOLAS 20 IV/7.1 33 CFR 26.03

• Verify digital selective calling (DSC) capability  验证数字选择性呼叫 （DSC） 功能

SOLAS 20 IV/7.2

• Witness operation   见证操作

SOLAS 20 IV/7.1 MS-73/D.1.G.1.d(5)

• Verify adequate independent illumination 验证足够的独立照明

SOLAS 20 IV/6.2.4

• Verify radio is clearly marked with call sign, ship station identity and other codes as applicable

验证无线电是否清楚地标有呼号、船站身份和其他适用的代码

SOLAS 20 IV/6.2.5

• Verify operation of lifeboat radios  验证救生艇无线电的操作

SOLAS 20 III/6.2.1 o 57. 

57.Examine Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) equipment

• Verify appropriate equipment for assigned sea area(s)  验证指定海域的适当设备

SOLAS 20 IV/8-11 IMO Res A.694(17) • Examine radio records SOLAS 20 IV/17

Regulation 17 - Radio Records A record shall be kept, to the satisfaction of the Administration and as required by the Radio Regulations, of all incidents connected with the radiocommunication service which appear to be of importance to safety of life at sea.

• Verify emergency source of power  检验应急电源

SOLAS 20 IV/13

• Verify stowage of Search and Rescue Transponder(s) (SART) SART存放位置

 SOLAS 20 IV/7.1.3 SOLAS 20 III/6.2.2

 • Verify operation of NAVTEX    检验操作NAVTEX 

 SOLAS 20 IV/7.1.4

 • Verify operation of INMARSAT ship earth station检验操作INMARSAT 

 SOLAS 20 IV/7.1.5 IMO Res A.701(17)

• Verify installation of 406MHz EPIRB 检验安装 406MHz EPIRB

SOLAS 20 IV/7.1.6

常用GMDSS设备工况简介

General Frequency range : Transmit; 1.605 to 27.5MHz (100Hz steps) : Receive; 0.09 to 29.9999MHz (100Hz steps) Frequency tolerance : Within ±10Hz Emission mode : J3E (TEL), F1B (DSC/TLX), A1A (CW), H2B, : H3E (AME: reception only) User definable channels : 400ch (20ch x 20 Groups) Preset ITU channels : 1722ch [TEL; 283, DSC; 29, TLX; 891, CW; 519 ] Scanning channel : 20 user defined channels Communication mode : Simplex and semi-duplex Antenna impedance : 50Ω Operating temperature : -15 to +55°C Power requirement : 24Vdc (21.6 to 31.2Vdc); Tx; 30A max., Rx; 5A max. Compass safe distance : 1.9m

Transmitter Output power : 150Wpx (4 to 27.5MHz), 100Wpx (1.605 to 4MHz) Occupied bandwidth : TEL; less than 3kHz, DSC/ TLX/ CW; less than 0.5kHz Carrier suppression : more than 40dB Spurious suppression : less than 43dB AF frequency response : 350 to 2700Hz (6dB bandwidth) Microphone input : 600Ω (-40dBm standard) Line input : 600Ω, 0dBm (balanced)

Receiver Receiving system : Double super-heterodyne Intermediate frequencies : 70.036MHz, 36kHz Sensitivity (SINAD 20dB) : TEL; less than 2.5uV(1.605 to 27.5MHz) : DSC/TLX; less than 0.7uV(1.605 to 27.5MHz) : A1A; less than 1.4uV(1.605 to 27.5MHz) Selectivity : TEL; 2.4 to 3kHz at -6dB, within ±2.1kHz at -66dB : DSC/TLX; 270 to 300Hz at -6dB, within ±550Hz at -60dB Spurious response : more than 60dB Clarifier range : ±200Hz in 1Hz steps AF output : 5W max. Line output : 600Ω, 0dBm (balanced)

DSC Communications protocol : In conformity with ITU-R M.493 and M.541 Emission : F1B 100baud Code : 10units error detection specified by ITU-R M.493. Memory capacity : Received Distress messages 20 : Received Other messages 20 Clock : Within ± 30ppm Mark frequency : 1615 ± 0.5Hz Space frequency : 1785 ± 0.5Hz Output level : 0dBm (-10 to +10dBm variable/600Ω balanced) Input frequency : 1700 ± 85Hz Input level : -10 to +10dBm (600Ω balanced)

Watchkeeping receiver Receiving frequencies : 2187.5kHz, 4207.5kHz, 6312kHz, 8414.5kHz, 12577kHz, 16804.5kHz Receiving system : Double super-heterodyne Intermediate frequencies : 40.04025MHz, 40.25kHz Reception mode : F1B/J2B Sensitivity : Symbol error rate of 1% or better at 1μV input Frequency stability : Within ± 10Hz after 1-minute warm-up Antenna impedance : 50Ω unbalanced

NBDP Communications protocol : In conformity with ITU-R M.476-5,M.491-1,M.492-6,M.625-3 ITU-T recommendation F.1、F.130、S.6 Emission : F1B 100baud Code : 7-bit error detecting code Clock : Within ± 30ppm Mark frequency : 1615 ± 0.5Hz Space frequency : 1785 ± 0.5Hz Output level : 0dBm (-10 to +10dBm variable/600Ω balanced) Input frequency : 1700 ± 85Hz Input level : -10 to +10dBm (600Ω balanced)

VHF(JRC JSS-2150N)

1... Open the DISTRESS key cover on the NCM-2150 MF/HF CONTROLLER

         打开 NCM-2150 MF/HF 控制器上的故障键盖

2. .. Press and hold the DISTRESS key for 4 seconds to send the distress alert. When the countdown is finished the screen below on the right is displayed, and after antenna tuning the distress alerts are transmitted.

按住DISTRESS键4秒钟以发送遇险警报。倒计时完成后，右侧将显示下方的屏幕，天线调谐后会发送遇险警报

3. .. After sending the distress alert, wait for an acknowledgement. The radiotelephone can be used to communicate even while waiting for an acknowledgement on the screen below left. When an acknowledgement is received, press the CANCEL key or ENT to cancel the alarm on the below right screen, and communicate with the station. Unless an acknowledgement is received or the distress alert is cancelled manually, the equipment repeats the distress alert every 3.5 to 4.5 minutes.

 发送遇险警报后，等待确认。即使在左下方屏幕上等待确认时，也可以使用无线电电话进行通信。收到确认后，按 CANCEL 键或 ENT 取消右下方屏幕上的警报，并与工作站通信。除非收到确认或手动取消遇险警报，否则设备每 3.5 到 4.5 分钟重复一次遇险警报。

4... After receiving acknowledgement, use the radiotelephone to request rescue. First, the responding station calls by radiotelephone. Communicate the following information to that station. l Say "MAYDAY". l Say "This is (name of your ship)". l Tell the station the ship's Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number, call sign, ship's position, nature of distress, and rescue requests.

收到确认后，使用无线电话请求救援。首先，响应站通过无线电电话呼叫。将以下信息传达给该工作站。 说“MAYDAY”。  说“这是（XXXXXX）”。                                                      告诉站船舶的海事移动服务标识（MMSI）号码、呼号、船舶位置、遇险性质和救援请求。

NOTE       If time permits, enter the nature of the distress or the mode (Radiotelephone or FEC) as follows, just before sending the distress alert. (For more details, see 4.5.5 Distress alerts.) 1) Open menu 3. Editing a distress msg. 2) Press ENT on the screen at right and select the nature of the distress. 3) Press ENT to confirm the selection. The nature of the distress is set. If the position and time (UTC) are not displayed automatically for any reason, input them manually at this time. 4) Press and hold the DISTRESS key for 4 seconds to send the distress alert. The rest of the procedure is the same as described above.

注意 如果时间允许，请在发送遇险警报之前输入遇险的性质或模式（无线电话或 FEC），如下图所示。1） 打开菜单 3.编辑遇险消息。 2）按右侧屏幕上的遇险性质。3） 按ENT确认选择。如果由于任何原因未自动显示位置和时间 （UTC），此时请手动输入。4） 按住 DISTRESS 键 4 秒钟以发送遇险警报。其余过程与上述相同。

1... When a distress alert is received, the information such as the ID number of the ship in distress and the stage of the distress event are displayed. If the equipment is not used, i.e. there is no active procedure at that time, a distress and safety frequency is set and the ALM lamp starts blinking, and an alarm gradually grows louder.

收到遇险警报时，将显示遇险船舶的ID号和遇险事件的阶段等信息。如果不使用设备，即当时没有活动程序，则设置遇险和安全频率，ALM 灯开始闪烁，警报声逐渐变大。

2... Press the CANCEL key to stop the alarm. If the popup screen is shown, select "Accept" and press ENT. After the specified communicate mode and the distress frequency are set, keep watch under such a condition. Keep watch for five minutes or more, and executes the report to the coast station etc. as appropriate

                                                                                                                                      按取消键停止报警。如果显示弹出屏幕，请选择“接受”并按耳鼻喉科。设置指定的通信模式和遇险频率后，在这种情况下保持警惕。观察5分钟以上，并酌情向海岸站等执行报告

NOTE:  Even if there is no active procedure as above, when the menu “7.5.9 Auto FREQ change” is OFF, the frequency is not automatically changed to distress frequency. In this case, after pressing the CANCEL key to stop the alarm, select the “Accept” on the popup screen to set the distress frequency and skip to step 3.

注意：即使没有上述活动程序，当菜单“7.5.9 自动频率更改”关闭时，频率也不会自动更改为遇险频率。在这种情况下，按CANCEL键停止报警后，在弹出屏幕上选择“接受”以设置遇险频率并跳至步骤3。

3. .. To acknowledge to the distress alert after coordination with the coast station, from the above right screen, press FUNC key to move the active screen to the message control area. Then select ACK with jog dial and press ENT to send the acknowledgement. After acknowledging the distress alert, communicate with the ship in distress as follows; l Say "MAYDAY". l Repeat the identity (MMSI) of the ship in distress 3 times l Say, "This is". l Repeat the identity (MMSI) of your ship 3 times l Say "RECEIVED MAYDAY".

要在与海岸站协调后确认遇险警报，请从右上方屏幕按 FUNC 键将活动屏幕移动到消息控制区域。然后选择带旋钮的 ACK 并按 ENT 发送确认。确认遇险警报后，按如下方式与遇险船舶沟通; l 说“MAYDAY”。 l 重复遇险船舶的身份 （MMSI） 3 次 l 说：“这是XXXX”。 l 重复您的船的身份 （MMSI） 3 次 l 说“收到MAYDAY”。

VHF DSC常用快捷操作步骤

1、 自测试

FUNC+8

MENU☞Maintance☞Diagrosis☞Transceiver

2、 FUNC+T 打印

3、 FUNC+1☞DW +XX双值守，若取消挂电话回16

4、 FUNC+9 回放

5、 船对船、船对岸DSC测试

MENU☞1☞SAFE/INDV/TEST☞ENT☞MMSI☞ENT☞CALL

注意：打印机连接哪台用哪台发送，不然只有BQ 没有AQ