美国正在考虑对与中国有联系的干散货船征收高额费用。如果实施，这些费用可能高达每次停靠港口350万美元，影响中国经营的船舶、在中国建造的船舶以及与中国船舶有订单的公司。
根据独立航运研究和咨询公司Maritime Strategies International（MSI）的说法，这一提议可能会对干散货贸易造成重大干扰，特别是对服务于北美市场的船舶。
如果一艘船是由中国公司运营的，它可能会面临每次停靠美国港口100万美元的初始费用。如果船舶是在中国建造的（150万美元），或者如果运营商拥有或订购了中国制造的船舶（另外100万美元），则可能需要额外收费。
这可能会使每次访问的总费用达到350万美元。
如此高的成本可能会严重影响运费，尤其是小件货物。MSI表示，对于2.8万吨木屑颗粒的运输，这一费用可能会使每吨增加35美元，使从美国到欧洲的运费增加一倍。
然而，总进口成本（CFR）的增加将在每吨300美元左右。
尽管中国公司运营的干散货船在2024年抵达美国港口的总量中所占比例不到6%，但由于中国在造船业中的主导地位，拟议的收费可能会影响到更大比例的船舶。
2024年的数据显示：
访问美国港口的干散货船中有38%是在中国建造的。
20%的港口停靠是由在中国订购船舶的运营商进行的。
在美国停靠的散货船中，70%的船队中至少有一艘中国制造的船只。
MSI警告称，这些新的费用可能会使美国出口产品在全球市场上的竞争力下降，并迫使散装运营商调整其战略。MSI总监Will Fray表示，该政策可能会导致运费上涨，并改变干散货运输的处理方式。
他补充称，日本船东可能会接受更多美国航运合同，但由于大多数散货船要么是在中国建造，要么是在中国订购，整个行业的成本可能会上升。
▲Image for representation purposes only
英文原文
The United States is considering to impose steep fees on dry bulk vessels linked to China. If implemented, these fees could reach up to $3.5 million per port call, affecting Chinese-operated ships, vessels built in China, and companies with Chinese ship orders.
According to Maritime Strategies International (MSI), an independent shipping research and consultancy firm, this proposal could cause major disruptions in dry bulk trade, particularly for vessels serving the North American market.
If a vessel is operated by a Chinese company, it could face an initial $1 million fee per US port call. Additional charges may apply if the ship was build in China ($1.5 million) or if the operator owns or has ordered Chinese built vessels (another $1 million).
This could bring the total fee per visit to $3.5 million.
Such high costs could heavily impact freight rates, particularly for smaller shipments. MSI said that for a 28,000 tonne wood pellet shipment, this fee could add $35 per tonne, doubling freight costs from the US to Europe.
However, the increase in the overall import cost (CFR) would be around $300 per tonne.
Although Chinese companies operated less than 6% of the dry bulk ships that arrived at U.S. ports in 2024, the proposed fees could affect a much larger share of ships due to China’s dominance in shipbuilding.
Data from 2024 shows that:
38% of dry bulk vessels visiting US ports were built in China.
20% of port calls were made by operators with ships on order in China.
70% of bulk vessels docking in the US had at least one Chinese-built ship in their fleet.
MSI warns that these new fees could make US exports less competitive in global markets and force bulk operators to adjust their strategies. MSI Director Will Fray stated that the policy could lead to higher freight rates and changes in how dry bulk shipments are handled.
He added that Japanese shipowners might take on more US shipping contracts, but since most bulk carriers are either built or on order in China, higher costs across the industry are likely.
免责申明：本文根据bairdmaritime等内容整理，如有误差，以英文为准；仅代表作者观点，不代表中国海员之家立场。其真实性及原创性未能得到中国海员之家证实，在此感谢原作者的辛苦创作，如转载涉及版权等问题，请作者与我们联系，我们将在第一时间处理，谢谢！联系邮箱：cnisu@54seaman.com