挪威海洋保险公司Gard最近发表了一份报告；《2024Gard Crew索赔报告》，分析了5年来20000多起案件的相关数据。
它揭示了海员的健康、安全、伤害和疾病等问题。
然而，该报告最令人担忧的方面是，2019年至2023年，其投保船队中11%的船员死亡是自杀造成的。Gard提到，鉴于此类案件的报告不足、漏报，实际百分比可能要高得多。
尽管许多公司呼吁在这一问题上提高透明度，但由于对精神和身体的挑战，海员的自杀率比其他职业要高。然而，没有官方统计数据也没有研究表明这一问题有多严重，以及可以采取什么措施。
没有一个一致同意的记录海上自杀事件的框架，这导致许多人认为海上自杀事件报告不足。
海员幸福指数创始人史蒂文·琼斯(Steven Jones)表示，许多研究表明，海员自杀率为5%至12%。有迹象表明，这些数字比在岸记录的数字要多。
琼斯补充说，这一问题缺乏真实性，有关这一问题的大多数数据也不完全可靠。
2022年英国政府的一份报告指出，由于难以确认海上自杀是否为自杀，因此报告不足。
此外，对自杀保险如何运作的认识导致船员们尽其所能确保他们的家人在经济上生存并获得赔偿。
该报告指出，在航运业，人们对自杀和导致自杀的心理健康问题知之甚少，这主要是由于船上员工中提倡的“大男子主义”文化。
此外，报告补充道，在某些国家，特别是在亚洲，存在着对自杀的文化疑虑或某种禁忌，来自中国和菲律宾的海员在处理这个问题时非常不舒服，这也使得船东不愿在船员中提出这个问题。
耶鲁大学在2020年由ITF海员信托基金发起的一项研究发现，约20%的受访海员至少有过一次自杀的念头。
虽然数据有限，但分析表明，总的来说，海员患抑郁症的比例高于从事其他职业的人。这需要适当的心理健康政策和进一步的研究，以更好地了解这个问题及其原因。
还有其他的文化影响也需要解决，比如一些国家对自杀的刑事定罪。
▲Image for representation purposes only.
英文原文
Norwegian Marine Insurer Gard has published a recent report; the Gard Crew Claims Report 2024, after analysing 5 years of relevant data from more than 20,000 cases.
It sheds light on issues like seafarers’ health, safety, injuries and illnesses.
However, the most worrying aspect of the report was that 11% of crew fatalities on its insured fleet from 2019 to 2023 were a result of suicide. The actual percentage might be much higher, given the underreporting of such cases, Gard mentioned.
Seafaring has higher rates of suicide than other careers, given it is mentally and physically challenging, however, there are no official statistics nor studies on how serious it is and what can be done about it, despite many firms calling for greater transparency on this issue.
There is not a single unanimously agreed framework to record suicides at sea which has led many to argue that suicides at sea are underreported.
Steven Jones, founder of the Seafarers Happiness Index, said that many studies place seafarer suicides at 5 to 12%. There is an indication that these figures are more than the ones recorded onshore.
Jones added that there was a lack of truthfulness over the issue and most data regarding the same is not completely reliable.
A 2022 UK Government Report stated that suicides at sea are underreported due to the difficulty in confirming if it was a suicide or not.
Additionally perceptions of how insurance works regarding suicide lead sailors to do everything they can to ensure their families survive financially and get the payouts.
The report noted that suicide and mental health issues leading to it are poorly understood in the shipping industry, mainly due to the ‘macho’ culture promoted among the workforce onboard.
Also, there are cultural misgivings or a certain taboo around suicide in certain nationalities, particularly in Asia, with seafarers from China and the Philippines being very uncomfortable in engaging with the issue, which also makes shipowners reluctant to raise the issue among the crew themselves, the report added.
Research by Yale which began in 2020 by the ITF Seafarers’ Trust, found that around 20% of the seafarers surveyed had thought of suicide at least once.
Though data is limited, analysis shows that seafarers in general, suffer from higher rates of depression than those engaged in other careers. This calls for appropriate mental health policies and further research to understand the issue and its causes better.
There are other cultural implications which need to be addressed as well such as the criminalisation of suicide in some countries.
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