第九条  本公约各缔约国应通过该“机构”内以及其他国际团体内的协作，促进对在下列方面要求帮助的缔约国的支持：

    （一）训练科学和技术人员；

    （二）提供科学研究及监测所必需的设备和装置；

    （三）废物的处置和处理及其他防止或减轻倾倒引起的污染的措施；

    并最好在有关国家内进行，以促进本公约的宗旨及目的。

    第十条  依照一国内倾倒废物和其他各种物质而损害他国环境或任何其他区域的环境而承担责任的国际法原则，各缔约国应着手制订确定责任和解决因倾倒引起的争端的程序。

    第十一条  各缔约国应在其第一次协商会议上考虑解决有关因解释及适用本公约引起的争端的程序。

    第十二条  各缔约国保证，在各主管专门机构及其他国际团体内，促进为保护海洋环境免受下列物质污染而采取措施：

    （一）包括油料在内的碳氢化合物及其废物；

    （二）并非为倾倒的目的而由船舶运送的其它有害或危险物质；

    （三）在船舶、航空器、平台及其他海上人工构筑物操作过程中产生的废物；

    （四）包括源于船舶的各种来源的放射性污染物质；

    （五）化学和生物战争制剂；

    （六）由海底矿物资源的勘探、开发及相关的海上加工而直接产生的或与此有关的废物或其他物质。

    同时各缔约国将在适当的国际组织内促进编订从事倾倒的船舶应使用的信号。

    第十三条  本公约不影响依照联合国大会第２７５０（ＸＸＶ）号决议召开的联合国海洋法会议对海洋法的编纂和发展，也不影响任何国家现在或将来关于海洋法和沿岸国管辖权及船旗国管辖权的性质和范围的主张及法律观点。各缔约国同意在海洋法会议后，无论如何不迟于１９７６年，由该“机构”召开会议进行协商，以便确定沿岸国在邻接其海岸的区域中适用本公约的权利和责任的性质和范围。

    第十四条  （一）在本公约生效后３个月内，作为公约保存国的大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府应召集一次缔约国会议，以决定有关组织事项。

    （二）各缔约国应指定一个在上述会议召开时存在的主管“机构”，负责履行有关本公约的秘书处的职责。不是该“机构”成员国的本公约任何缔约国均应适当分担该“机构”在履行其职责中产生的费用。

    （三）该“机构”的秘书处职责应包括：

    １．至少每两年召集一次缔约国协商会议，并根据２／３以上成员国的要求随时召集缔约国特别会议；

    ２．与各缔约国及适当的国际组织协商，在制订与履行本条第（四）款第５项所述的程序中，进行准备并提供协助；

    ３．考虑各缔约国的询问以及情报，与各缔约国及适当的国际组织协商，对本公约未专门规定的有关本公约的问题，向各缔约国提供建议；

    ４．向有关缔约国转交该“机构”按照第四条第（三）款，第五条第（一）款、第（二）款，第六条第（四）款，第十五条，第二十一条规定所收到的所有通知；

    在指定“机构”之前，为执行这些职责的目的，有必要由保存国，即大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国履行。

    （四）各缔约国的协商会议或特别会议应不断审查本公约的履行情况，并且，除其它外可以：

    １．按照第十五条审查并通过对本公约及其附件的修正案；

    ２．邀请适当的科学团体与各缔约国或该“机构”协作，并就有关本公约的任何科学或技术问题，特别是各附件的内容，提供咨询意见；

    ３．接受并审议按照第六条第（四）款提出的报告；

    ４．促进与防止海洋污染有关的区域性组织的协作以及这类组织间的协作；

    ５．与适当的国际组织协商，以制定或通过第五条第（二）款所述程序，其中包括确定非常情况和紧急情况的基本标准，以及在这种情况下提供咨询意见和安全处置物质的程序，包括指定适当的倾倒区和提供相应的建议；

    ６．考虑可能需要的任何其他行动。

    （五）各缔约国在其第一次协商会议上应制订必要的议事规则。

    第十五条  （一）１．在按第十四条规定召开的缔约国会议上，可以由到会的２／３多数通过对本公约的修正案。修正案在２／３的缔约国向该“机构”交存接受证书后第６０天起对接受该修正案的缔约国生效。此后，该修正案在其他任何缔约国交存接受修正案的证书后第３０天起，对该缔约国生效。

    ２．该“机构”应通知所有缔约国关于根据第十四条规定召开特别会议的任何请求和在缔约国会议上通过的任何修正案，以及通过的每一修正案对每个缔约国生效的日期。

    （二）对附件的修正应以科学或技术上的考虑为依据。在按第十四条规定召开的会议上，以到会２／３多数通过的对附件的修正案，应在每一缔约国通知该“机构”表示接受该修正案后对该缔约国立即生效，并在会议通过该修正案１００天后对所有其他缔约国生效，但在１００天期间内声明在当时不能接受该修正案的缔约国除外。在会议上通过修正案后，各缔约国应尽快向该“机构”表示它们接受修正案。一缔约国可以在任何时候以表示接受的声明来代替先前所作的反对声明，因而其先前反对过的修正案应立即对该缔约国生效。

    （三）根据本条规定对修正案的接受或声明反对，均应向该“机构”交存证书。该“机构”应将上述证书的收讫，通知所有缔约国。

    （四）在指定“机构”之前，此条中属于秘书处的职责应暂时由作为本公约保存国之一的大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府临时承担。

    第十六条  本公约自１９７２年１２月２９日至１９７３年１２月３１日在伦敦、墨西哥城、莫斯科和华盛顿对所有国家开放签字。

    第十七条  本公约须经批准。批准书应交墨西哥、苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国和美利坚合众国政府保存。

    第十八条  １９７３年１２月３１日后，本公约应向所有其他国家开放加入。加入书应交墨西哥、苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国和美利坚合众国政府保存。

第十九条  （一）本公约应自第１５份批准书或加入书交存后第３０天生效。

    （二）对于在交存第１５份批准书或加入书后批准或加入本公约的各个缔约国，本公约应在该国交存批准书或加入书后第３０天起对该缔约国生效。

    第二十条  保存国应通知各缔约国：

    （一）按照第十六条、第十七条、第十八条和二十一条规定关于本公约的签字以及批准书、加入书或退出书的交存情况；和

    （二）按照第十九条规定，关于本公约生效的日期。

    第二十一条  任何缔约国可以在书面通知一保存国后６个月退出本公约，该保存国应立即将这类通知告知所有缔约国。

    第二十二条  本公约应交墨西哥、苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国和美利坚合众国政府保存，其英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文本具有同等效力。保存国应将经认证无误的副本分送所有国家。

    下列各全权代表根据本国政府的正式授权签字于本公约，以昭信守。（签名略）

    １９７２年１２月２９日订于伦敦、墨西哥城、莫斯科及华盛顿，共４份。

    附件一

    （一）有机卤素化合物。

    （二）汞及汞化合物。

    （三）镉及镉化合物。

    （四）耐久塑料及其他耐久性合成材料，如渔网和绳索。这类物质能漂浮在海面或悬浮在水中，以致严重地妨碍捕鱼、航行或对海洋的其他合法利用。

    （五）为倾倒的目的而装在船上的原油及其废物、经提炼的石油产品、石油馏出物残渣，以及含上述任何物质的混合物。

    （六）在这一领域的国际主管机构（目前是国际原子能机构）根据公共卫生、生物或其他理由，确定为不宜在海上倾倒的强放射性废物和其他强放射性物质。

    （七）为生物和化学战争制造的任何形态的物质（固体、液体、半液体、气体或活性物质）。

    （八）本附件的上述条款不适用于通过海中物理、化学或生物过程迅速地转化为无害的物质，其前提是这些物质不会：

    １．使可食用的海洋生物变味；或

    ２．危及人类和家畜家禽的健康。

    如果对这些物质的无害性持有疑问，缔约国可遵循第十四条规定的程序进行协商。

    （九）本附件不适用于含有上述第（一）至第（五）项所提及的物质之废物或其他材料（如阴沟淤泥和疏浚污物）的痕量沾污物。这类废物的倾倒相应地适用附件二和附件三的规定。

    （十）本附件第（一）款和第（五）款不适用于通过海上焚烧而处置的在这些款项中提及的废物或其他物质。在海上焚烧这类废物和其他物质需要事先获得特别许可证。在为焚烧颁发特别许可证时，缔约国应适用本附件的附录（此附录为本附件整体的一部分）所载“海上焚烧废物及其他物质的管理条例”，并充分考虑各缔约国协商通过的“海上焚烧废物及其他物质管理技术指南”。

            附  录＊

    注：＊  本附录作为一个修正案于１９７８年第３次缔约国协商会议与附件一第（十）款一起通过。此修正案于１９７９年３月１１日生效。

    （附件一）海上焚烧废物及其他物质管理条例

第一部分

    第一条  定义

    为本附录的目的：

    （一）“海洋焚烧设施”系指为在海上焚烧的目的而作业的船舶、平台、或其他人工构筑物。

    （二）“海上焚烧”系指以热摧毁为目的而在海洋焚烧设施上有意地焚毁废物或其他物质的行为。船舶、平台或其他人工构筑物在正常操作中所附带发生的行为不在此定义范围内。

    第二条  适用

    （一）本条例的第二部分适用于下列废物或其他物质：

    （１）附件一第（一）款提及的物质；

    （２）附件一未包括的杀虫剂及其副产品。

    （二）缔约国在按照本条例向海上焚烧颁发许可证之前应首先考虑选择实际已有的陆上处理、处置或消除的方法，或实际已有的可减轻废物或其他物质有害程度的处理方法。海上焚烧不应被解释为阻止为找到对环境来说更好的解决方法（包括发展新技术）而做出努力。

    （三）除了本条第（一）款所提到的，附件一第（十）款和附件二第（五）款提及的废物或其他物质的海上焚烧应根据颁发特别许可证的缔约国的意愿加以管理。

    （四）焚烧本条第（一）款和第（三）款未提到的废物或其他物质应获得一般许可证。

    （五）在颁发本条第（三）款和第（四）款中提及的许可证时，缔约国应充分考虑本条例所有可适用的条款，并充分考虑“海上焚烧废物和其他物质管理技术指南”中与此项废物有关的内容。

第二部分

    第三条  焚烧系统的批准和检查

    （一）对每一个建议的海洋焚烧设施的焚烧系统均应附诸下列检查。按照本公约第七条第（一）款的规定，准备颁发焚烧许可证的缔约国应确保完成对即将使用的海洋焚烧设施的检查，焚烧系统应符合本条例的规定。如首次检查是根据某一缔约国的指令进行的，则该缔约国应颁发一个规定试验要求的特别许可证。每次检查的结果应纪录在检查报告中。

    ①首次检查应确保在焚烧废物或其他物质的过程中燃烧摧毁率超过９９．９％。

    ②作为这种首次检查的一部分，指示进行这种检查的国家应：

    １）批准温度测量装置的选址、型号和使用方式；

    ２）批准气体取样系统，包括探头位置、分析装置和记录方式；

    ３）确保如果温度降到最低许可温度以下，批准的装置的安装应能自动停止向焚烧炉添加废物；

    ４）确保除通过焚烧炉的正常作业进行处置外，不得通过其他海洋焚烧设施处置废物或其他物质；

    ５）批准可控制并记录废物和燃料添加速率的装置；

    ６）通过使用行将被焚烧的典型废物进行仔细的炉身监测试验的方法，包括对Ｏ２，ＣＯ，ＣＯ２，卤化有机物含量，以及碳氢化合物总量的测定，来确认焚烧系统的运转情况。

    ③应至少每两年对焚烧系统进行一次检查以确保焚烧炉继续符合本条例的规定。两年一度的检查范围应基于对过去两年中作业数据和维修记录的评价。

    （二）在一次检查令人满意地结束之后，如认为焚烧系统与本条例的规定相符，缔约国应颁发一项批准书，并附有一份检查报告，其他缔约国应对一缔约国所颁发的批准书予以承认，除非有明显的理由相信该焚烧系统不符合本条例的规定。每次颁发的批准书和检查报告均应向该“机构”提交一份副本。

    （三）在任何一次检查完成之后，未经颁发批准书的缔约国同意，不得作出可影响焚烧系统运转的重大改变。

 第四条  需特别研究的废物

    （一）在某一缔约国对建议焚烧的废物或其他物质之热摧毁程度表示怀疑的情况下，应进行尝试性试验。

    （二）在某一缔约国准备允许焚烧废物或其他物质而对燃烧效率存在疑虑的情况下，应对焚烧系统进行和首次焚烧系统检查同样仔细的炉身检查。应考虑对颗粒进行取样，并考虑到废物的固体含量。

    （三）最低许可火焰温度应为第五条中所列的温度，除非对海洋焚烧设施进行的试验结果表明所需的燃烧和摧毁速率可以较低的温度进行。

    （四）应将本条第（一）、（二）、（三）款中提及的特别研究结果记录下来并附在检查报告后。特别研究的结果应向该“机构”提交一份副本。

    第五条  操作要求

    （一）应控制焚烧系统的操作，以确保废物或其他物质的焚烧在不低于摄氏１２５０度的火焰温度下进行，但第四条所述情况除外。

    （二）燃烧效率应至少是９９．９５±０．０５％，基于：

              Ｃｃｏ２－Ｃｃｏ

    燃烧效率＝－－－－－－－－×１００

                 Ｃｃｏ２

    其中Ｃｃｏ２＝燃烧气体中二氧化碳的浓度。

      Ｃｃｏ２＝燃烧气体中一氧化碳的浓度。

    （三）炉台上不应有黑烟或火焰延露。

    （四）海洋焚烧设施在焚烧的任何时候都应对无线电呼叫迅速作出反应。

    第六条  记录装置和记录

    （一）海洋焚烧设施应使用根据第三条批准的记录装置和方法。作为最低要求，在每次焚烧作业中，应记录下列数据并留待颁发许可证的缔约国进行检查：

    ①用批准的温度测量装置进行的连续温度测量；

    ②焚烧的日期和时间及对被焚烧的废物的记录；

    ③用适当导航手段记录的船舶位置；

    ④对废物和燃料的添加速率——液状废物和燃料则是流动速率，应作连续记录；后一要求不适用于在１９７９年１月１日或以前作业的船舶；

    （５）燃烧气体中ＣＯ和ＣＯ２的浓度；

    （６）船舶的航线和速度。

    （二）由缔约国依照第三条颁发的批准书和准备的检查报告副本，以及为在设施上焚烧废物和其他物质而颁发的焚烧许可证副本应保留在海洋焚烧设施所在地。

    第七条  对焚烧废物性质的控制

    海上焚烧废物或其他物质的许可申请应包括废物或其他物质特性的情况。这些情况应能够符合第九条的要求。

    第八条  焚烧场地

    （一）在制订指导焚烧场地选划标准时需考虑的规定，除公约附件三所列之外，应包括以下规定：

    ①该地区的大气扩散特性，——包括风速和风向，大气稳定性，转化频率和雾，降水种类和降水量，湿度——以确定从海洋焚烧设施释放出来的污染物质对周围环境的潜在影响，特别注意大气将污染物搬运到沿岸地区的可能性；

    ②该地区的海洋扩散特性，以评价卷流与水面相互作用的潜在影响；

    ③现有的导航手段。

    （二）指定的永久性焚烧区的座标应广为散发并提交该“机构”。

    第九条  通知

    缔约国应遵守各方协商通过的通知程序。

    附件二

    为了第六条第（一）款第１项的目的，需对下列物质和材料特别加以注意：

    （一）含有大量下列物质的废物：

    砷及其化合物；

    铅及其化合物；

    铜及其化合物；

    锌及其化合物；

    有机硅化合物；

    氰化物；

    氟化物；

    未列入附件一的杀虫剂及其副产品。

    （二）在颁发倾倒大量酸和碱的许可证时，应考虑到这些废物中可能含有第（一）款所列的物质以及下列其他物质：

    １．铍及其化合物；

    ２．铬及其化合物；

    ３．镍及其化合物；

    ４．钒及其化合物；

    （三）容易沉于海底，可能对捕鱼或航行造成严重障碍的容器，废金属及其他笨重的废物。

    （四）未列入附件一的放射性废物或其他放射性物质，在发给倾倒这些物质的许可证时，缔约国应充分考虑这一领域的国际主管机构（目前是国际原子能机构）的建议。

    （五）在为焚烧本附件所列物质和材料颁发特别许可证时，缔约国应适用附件一的附录所载“海上焚烧废物及其他物质管理条例”并充分考虑各缔约国协商通过的“海上焚烧废物及其他物质管理技术指南”并达到这些条例和指南的规定。＊注：＊此附加款作为一个修正案于１９７９年召开的第３次缔约国协商会议通过。此修正案于１９７９年３月１１日生效。

    （六）尽管是无毒性的物质，也可以因倾倒量过大而变得有害，或是易于严重损害娱乐设施的物质。＊＊注：＊＊  此附加款作为一个修正案于１９８０年召开的第五次缔约国协商会议通过。此修正案于１９８１年３月１１日生效。

    附件三

    考虑到第四条第（二）款的规定，在为签发海上倾倒物质许可证制订标准时，需要考虑的规定包括：

    （一）物质的特性及成分

    １．倾倒物质的总量及平均成分（例如每年的）；

    ２．形态，例如：固体、污泥、液体或气体；

    ３．性质：物理的（例如：可溶性与比重），化学与生物化学的（例如：需氧量、营养物）以及生物学的（例如：病毒、细菌、酵母寄生虫的存在）；

    ４．毒性；

    ５．持续性：物理的、化学的及生物学的；

    ６．在生物物质或沉积物中的积累及生物变化；

    ７．对物理、化学、生物化学变化的敏感性及其在水中与其他溶解了的有机物和无机物的相互作用；

    ８．导致某些资源（鱼、贝类等）销售量减少的污染或其他变化的可能性。

    （二）倾倒地点及堆积方法的特点

    １．位置（例如：倾倒区的座标、深度及距海岸的距离），位置与其他区域（例如：娱乐区、产卵区、索饵区、捕鱼区及可开发资源区）的关系；

    ２．每一特定时间的处置率（例如：每日、每周、每月的数量）；

    ３．包装及密封的方法（如果有的话）；

    ４．通过建议的释放方法而得到的初步稀释；

    ５．消散的特性（例如：潮流、潮汐和风对水平输送及垂直混合的影响）；

    ６．水的特性（例如：温度、酸碱度、盐度、跃层、污物氧气的指数—溶解氧、化学耗氧量、生化需氧量，以有机及矿物形态存在的氮，包括氨、悬浮物、其他营养物和生产能力）；

    ７．海底的特征（例如：地形、地质与地质化学特征以及生物生产能力）；

    ８．该区域以前倾倒的其他物质的存在及影响（例如：以前倾倒物中的重金属含量及有机碳含量）；

    ９．签发倾倒许可证时，各缔约国必须考虑到是否具备充分的科学依据，以便按照本附件的规定评价这种倾倒的后果，同时还要考虑到季节的变化。

    （三）一般的考虑与条件

    １．对娱乐设施可能产生的影响（例如：漂浮物或搁浅物质的存在、混浊、不好的气味、变色、泡沫）；

    ２．对海洋生物、鱼、贝类养殖、鱼类和渔业，以及海藻的培植和收获可能产生的影响；

    ３．对海洋其他用途可能产生的影响（例如：对工业用水质量的损害、建筑物的水下腐蚀、漂浮物对船舶操作的障碍、废物或固体物质在海底的堆积对捕鱼或航行的障碍以及为科学或资源养护的目的对特别重要区域的保护所构成的障碍）；

    ４．实际上是否另有在陆地上处理、处置或清除的方法，或者可使倾倒入海的物质减少危害性的处理方法。

CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION OF MARINE  POLLUTION  BY  DUMPING  OFWASTES AND OTHER MATTER

            Whole document

    The Contracting Parties to this Convention,

    Recognizing that the marine environment and the living organisms which

it supports are of vital importance to humanity, and all people have an

interest in assuring that it is so managed that its quality and resources

are not impaired;

    Recognizing that the capacity of the sea to assimilate wastes and

render them harmless,  and its ability to regenerate natural resources, is

not unlimited;

    Recognizing that States have, in accordance with the Charter of the

United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign

right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental

policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their

jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other

States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;

    Recalling Resolution 2749 (XXV) of the General Assembly of the United

Nations on the principles governing the sea-bed and the ocean floor and

the subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;

    Noting that marine pollution originates in many sources, such as

dumping and discharges through the atmosphere, rivers, estuaries, outfalls

and pipelines, and that it is important that States use the best

practicable means to prevent such pollution and develop products and

processes which will reduce the amount of harmful wastes to be disposed

of;

    Being convinced that international action to control the pollution of

the sea by dumping can and must be taken without delay but that this

action should not preclude discussion of measures to control other sources

of marine pollution as soon as possible; and

    Wishing to improve protection of the marine environment by encouraging

States with a common interest in particular geographical areas to enter

into appropriate agreements supplementary to this Convention;

    Have agreed as follows:

            Article I

    Contracting Parties shall individually and collectively promote the

effective control of all sources of pollution of the marine environment,

and pledge themselves especially to take all practicable steps to prevent

the pollution of the sea by the dumping of waste and other matter that is

liable to create hazards to human health, to harm living resources and

marine life, to damage amenities or to interfere with other legitimate

uses of the sea.

            Article II

    Contracting Parties shall, as provided for in the following Articles,

take effective measures individually, according to their scientific,

technical and economic capabilities, and collectively,  to prevent marine

pollution caused by dumping and shall harmonize their policies in this

regard.

            Article III

    For the purposes of this Convention:

    1. (a) "Dumping" means:

            (i) any deliberate disposal at sea of wastes or other matter

from vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea;

            (ii) any deliberate disposal at sea of vessels, aircraft,

platforms or other man-made structures at sea.

        (b) "Dumping" does not include:

            (i) the disposal at sea of wastes or other matter incidental

to, or derived from the normal operations of vessels, aircraft, platforms,

or other man-made structures at sea and their equipment, other than wastes

or other matter transported by or to vessels,  aircraft, platforms or

other man-made structures at sea, operating for the purpose of disposal of

such matter or derived from the treatment of such wastes or other matter

on such vessels, aircraft, platforms or structures;

            (ii) placement of matter for a purpose other than the mere

disposal thereof, provided that such placement is not contrary to the aims

of this Convention.

        (c) The disposal of wastes or other matter directly arising from,

or related to the exploration,  exploitation and associated off-shore

processing of sea-bed mineral resources will not be covered by the

provisions of this Convention.

    2. "Vessels and aircraft" means waterborne or airborne craft of any

type whatsoever. This expression includes air cushioned craft and floating

craft, whether self-propelled or not.

    3. "Sea" means all marine waters other than the internal waters of

States.

    4. "Wastes or other matter" means material and substance of any kind,

from or description.

    5. "Special permit" means permission granted specifically on

application in advance and accordance with Annex II and Annex III.

    6. "General permit" means permission granted in advance and in

accordance with Annex III.

    7. "The Organization" means the Organization designated by the

Contracting Parties in accordance with Article XIV (2).

            Article IV

    1. In accordance with the provisions of this Convention Contracting

Parties shall prohibit the dumping of any wastes or other matter in

whatever form or condition except as otherwise specified below:

        (a) the dumping of wastes or other matter listed in Annex I is

prohibited;

        (b) the dumping of wastes or other matter listed in Annex II

requires a prior special permit;

        (c) the dumping of all other wastes or matter requires a prior

general permit.

    2. Any permit shall be issued only after careful consideration of all

the factors set forth in Annex III, including prior studies of the

characteristics of the dumping site, as set forth in Sections B and C of

that Annex.

    3. No provision of this Convention is to be interpreted as preventing

a Contracting Party from prohibiting, insofar as that Party is concerned,

the dumping of wastes or other matter not mentioned in Annex I. That Party

shall notify such measures to the Organization.

      Article V

    1. The provisions of Article IV shall not apply when it is necessary

to secure the safety of human life or of vessels, aircraft, platforms or

other man-made structures at sea in cases of force majeure caused by

stress of weather, or in any case which constitutes a danger to human life

or a real threat to vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made

structures at sea, if dumping appears to be the only way of averting the

threat and if there is every probability that the damage consequent upon

such dumping will be less than would otherwise occur. Such dumping shall

be so conducted as to minimize the likelihood of damage to human or marine

life and shall be reported forthwith to the Organization.

    2. A Contracting Party may issue a special permit as an exception to

Article IV (1)  (a), in emergencies, posing unacceptable risk relating to

human health and admitting no other feasible solution. Before doing so the

Party shall consult any other country or countries that are likely to be

affected and the Organization which, after consulting other Parties,  and

international organizations as appropriate, shall, in accordance with

Article XIV promptly recommend to the Party the most appropriate

procedures to adopt. The Party shall follow these recommendations to the

maximum extent feasible consistent with the time within which action must

be taken and with the general obligation to avoid damage to the marine

environment and shall inform the Organization of the action it takes. The

Parties pledge themselves to assist one another in such situations.

    3. Any Contracting Party may waive its rights under paragraph (2) at

the time of, or subsequent to ratification of, or accession to this

Convention.

            Article VI

    1. Each Contracting Party shall designate an appropriate authority or

authorities to:

        (a) issue special permits which shall be required prior to, and

for, the dumping of matter listed in Annex II and in the circumstances

provided for in Article V (2);

        (b) issue general permits which shall be required prior to, and

for, the dumping of all other matter;

        (c) keep records of the nature and quantities of all matter

permitted to be dumped and the location, time and method of dumping;

        (d) monitor individually, or in collaboration with other Parties

and competent international organizations, the condition of the seas for

the purposes of this Convention.

    2. The appropriate authority or authorities of a Contracting Party

shall issue prior special or general permits in accordance with paragraph

(1) in respect of matter intended for dumping:

        (a) loaded in its territory;

        (b) loaded by a vessel or aircraft registered in its territory or

flying its flag, when the loading occurs in the territory of a State not

party to this Convention.

    3. In issuing permits under sub-paragraphs (1) (a) and (b) above, the

appropriate authority or authorities shall comply with Annex III, together

with such additional criteria,  measures and requirements as they may

consider relevant.

    4. Each Contracting Party, directly or through a Secretariat

established under a regional agreement, shall report to the Organization,

and where appropriate to other Parties, the information specified in

sub-paragraphs (c) and (d) of paragraph (1) above, and the criteria,

measures and requirements it adopts in accordance with paragraph (3)

above. The procedure to be followed and the nature of such reports shall

be agreed by the Parties in consultation.

            Article VII

    1. Each Contracting Party shall apply the measures required to

implement the present Convention to all;

        (a) vessels and aircraft registered in its territory or flying its

flag;

        (b) vessels and aircraft loading in its territory or territorial

seas matter which is to be dumped;

        (c) vessels and aircraft and fixed or floating platforms under its

jurisdiction believed to be engaged in dumping.

    2. Each Party shall take in its territory appropriate measures to

prevent and punish conduct in contravention of the provisions of this

Convention.

    3. The Parties agree to co-operate in the development of procedures

for the effective application of this Convention particularly on the high

seas, including procedures for the reporting of vessels and aircraft

observed dumping in contravention of the Convention.

    4. this Convention shall not apply to those vessels and aircraft

entitled to sovereign immunity under international law. However, each

Party shall ensure by the adoption of appropriate measures that such

vessels and aircraft owned or operated by it act in a manner consistent

with the object and purpose of this Convention, and shall inform the

Organization accordingly.

    5. Nothing in this Convention shall affect the right of each Party to

adopt other measures,  in accordance with the principles of international

law, to prevent dumping at sea.

            Article VIII

    In order to further the objectives of this Convention, the Contracting

Parties with common interests to protect in the marine environment in a

given geographical area shall endeavour, taking into account

characteristic regional features, to enter into regional agreements

consistent with this Convention for the prevention of pollution,

especially by dumping. The Contracting Parties to the present Convention

shall endeavour to act consistently with the objectives and provisions of

such regional agreements, which shall be notified to them by the

Organization. Contracting parties shall seek to co-operate with the

Parties to regional agreements in order to develop harmonized procedures

to be followed by Contracting Parties to the different conventions

concerned. Special attention shall be given to co-operation in the field

of monitoring and scientific research.

            Article IX

    The Contracting Parties shall promote, through collaboration within

the Organization and other international bodies, support for those Parties

which request it for:

        (a) the training of scientific and technical personnel;

        (b) the supply of necessary equipment and facilities for research

and monitoring;

        (c) the disposal and treatment of waste and other measures to

prevent or mitigate pollution caused by dumping;

    preferably within the countries concerned, so furthering the aims and

purposes of this Convention.

    Article X

    In accordance with the principles of international law regarding State

responsibility for damage to the environment of other States or to any

other area of the environment, caused by dumping of wastes and other

matter of all kinds, the Contracting Parties undertake to develop

procedures for the assessment of liability and the settlement of disputes

regarding dumping.

            Article XI *

    [* See amendments adopted on October 12, 1978 reproduced after the

text of the Convention.]

    The Contracting Parties shall at their first consultative meeting

consider procedures for the settlement of disputes concerning the

interpretation and application of this Convention.

            Article XII

    The Contracting Parties pledge themselves to promote, within the

competent specialized agencies and other international bodies, measures to

protect the marine environment against pollution caused by:

        (a) hydrocarbons, including oil, and their wastes;

        (b) other noxious or hazardous matter transported by vessels for

purposes other than dumping;

        (c) wastes generated in the course of operation of vessels,

aircraft, platforms and other man-made structures at sea;

        (d) radio-active pollutants from all sources, including vessels;

        (e) agents of chemical and biological wa***re;

        (f) wastes or other matter directly arising from, or related to

the exploration, exploitation and associated off-shore processing of

sea-bed mineral resources.

    The Parties will also promote, within the appropriate international

organization, the codification of signals to be used by vessels engaged in

dumping.

            Article XIII

    Nothing in this Convention shall prejudice the codification and

development of the law of the sea by the United Nations Conference on the

Law of the Sea convened pursuant to Resolution 2750C (XXV) of the General

Assembly of the United Nations nor the present or future claims and legal

views of any State concerning the law of the sea and the nature and extent

of coastal and flag State jurisdiction. The Contracting Parties agree to

consult at a meeting to be convened by the Organization after the Law of

the Sea Conference, and in any case not later than 1976, with a view to

defining the nature and extent of the right and the responsibility of a

coastal State to apply the Convention in a zone adjacent to its coast.

            Article XIV

    1. The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland as a depositary shall call a meeting of the Contracting Parties

not later than three months after the entry into force of this Convention

to decide on organizational matters.

    2. The Contracting Parties shall designate a competent Organization

existing at the time of that meeting to be responsible for Secretariat

duties in relation to this Convention. Any Party to this Convention not

being a member of this Organization shall make an appropriate contribution

to the expenses incurred by the Organization in performing these duties.

    3. The Secretariat duties of the Organization shall include:

        (a) the convening of consultative meetings of the Contracting

Parties not less frequently than once every two years and of special

meetings of the Parties at any time on the request of two-thirds of the

Parties;

        (b) preparing and assisting, in consultation with the Contracting

Parties and appropriate International Organizations, in the development

and implementation of procedures referred to in sub-paragraph (4) (e) of

this Article;

        (c) considering enquiries by, and information from the Contracting

Parties, consulting with them and with the appropriate International

Organizations, and providing recommendations to the Parties on questions

related to, but not specifically covered by the Convention;

        (d) conveying to the Parties concerned all notifications received

by the Organization in accordance with Articles IV (3), V (1) and (2), VI

(4), XV, XX and XXI.

    Prior to the designation of the Organization these functions shall, as

necessary, be performed by the depositary, who for this purpose shall be

the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland.

    4. Consultative or special meetings of the Contracting Parties shall

keep under continuing review the implementation of this Convention and

may, inter alias:

防止倾倒废物及其他物质污染海洋的公约(附英文)（二）

        (a) * review and adopt amendments to this Convention and its

Annexes in accordance with Article XV;

    [* See amendments adopted on October 12, 1978 reproduced after the

text of the Convention.]

        (b) invite the appropriate scientific body or bodies to

collaborate with and to advise the Parties or the Organization on any

scientific or technical aspect relevant to this Convention, including

particularly the content of the Annexes;

        (c) receive and consider reports made pursuant to Article VI (4);

        (d) promote co-operation with and between regional organizations

concerned with the prevention of marine pollution;

        (e) develop or adopt, in consultation with appropriate

International Organizations, procedures referred to in Article V (2),

including basic criteria for determining exceptional and emergency

situations, and procedures for consultative advice and the safe disposal

of matter in such circumstances, including the designation of appropriate

dumping areas, and recommend accordingly;

        (f) consider any additional action that may be required.

    5. The Contracting Parties at their first consultative meeting shall

establish rules of procedure as necessary.

            Article XV

    1. * (a) At meetings of the Contracting Parties called in accordance

with Article XIV amendments to this Convention may be adopted by a

two-thirds majority of those present. An amendment shall enter into force

for the Parties which have accepted it on the sixtieth day after

two-thirds of the Parties shall have deposited an instrument of acceptance

of the amendment with the Organization. Thereafter the amendment shall

enter into force for any other Party 30 days after that Party deposits its

instrument of acceptance of the amendment.

    [* See amendments adopted on October 12, 1978 reproduced after the

text of the Convention.]

        (b) The Organization shall inform all Contracting Parties of any

request made for a special meeting under Article XIV and of any amendments

adopted at meetings of the Parties and of the date on which each such

amendment enters into force for each Party.

    2. Amendments to the Annexes will be based on scientific or technical

considerations. Amendments to the Annexes approved by a two-thirds

majority of those present at a meeting called in accordance with Article

XIV shall enter into force for each Contracting Party immediately on

notification of its acceptance to the Organization and 100 days after

approval by the meeting for all other Parties except for those which

before the end of the 100 days make a declaration that they are not able

to accept the amendment at that time. Parties should endeavour to signify

their acceptance of an amendment to the Organization as soon as possible

after approval at a meeting. A Party may at any time substitute an

acceptance for a previous declaration of objection and the amendment

previously objected to shall thereupon enter into force for that Party.

    3. An acceptance or declaration of objection under this Article shall

be made by the deposit of an instrument with the Organization. The

Organization shall notify all Contracting Parties of the receipt of such

instruments.

    4. Prior to the designation of the Organization, the Secretarial

functions herein attributed to it, shall be performed temporarily be the

Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, as

one of the depositories of this Convention.

            Article XVI

    This Convention shall be open for signature by any State at London,

Mexico City,  Moscow and Washington from December 29, 1972 until December

31, 1973.

            Article XVII

    This Convention shall be subject to ratification. The instruments of

ratification shall be deposited with the Governments of Mexico, the Union

of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland, and the United States of America.

            Article XVIII

    After December 31, 1973, this Convention shall be open for accession

by any State. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the

Governments of Mexico, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of

America.

            Article XIX

    1. This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day

following the date of deposit of the fifteenth instrument of ratification

or accession.

    2. For each Contracting Party ratifying or acceding to the Convention

after the deposit of the fifteenth instrument of ratification or

accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day

after deposit by such Party of its instrument of ratification or

accession.

            Article XX

    The depositories shall inform Contracting Parties:

        (a) of signatures to this Convention and of the deposit of

instruments of ratification,  accession or withdrawal, in accordance with

Articles XVI, XVII, XVIII and XXI,  and

        (b) of the date on which this Convention will enter into force, in

accordance with Article XIX.

            Article XXI

    Any Contracting Party may withdraw from this Convention by giving six

months' notice in writing to a depositary, which shall promptly inform all

Parties of such notice.

            Article XXII

    The original of this Convention of which the English, French, Russian

and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the

Governments of Mexico, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of

America who shall send certified copies thereof to all States.

    IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly

authorized thereto by their respective Governments have signed the present

Convention. *

    [* Signatures omitted.]

    DONE in quadruplicate at London, Mexico City, Moscow and Washington,

this twenty-ninth day of December, 1972.

            ANNEX I

    1. Organohalogen compounds.

    2. Mercury and mercury compounds.

    3. Cadmium and cadmium compounds.

    4. Persistent plastics and other persistent synthetic materials, for

example, netting and ropes, which may float or may remain in suspension in

the sea in such a manner as to interfere materially with fishing,

navigation or other legitimate uses of the sea.

    5. Crude oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil, and lubricating oils,

hydraulic fluids, and any mixtures containing any of these, taken on board

for the purpose of dumping.

    6. High-level radio-active wastes or other high-level radio-active

matter, defined on public health, biological or other grounds, by the

competent international body in this field, at present the International

Atomic Energy Agency, as unsuitable for dumping at sea.

    7. Materials in whatever form (e. g. solids, liquids, semi-liquids,

gases or in a living state) produced for biological and chemical wa***re.

    8. The preceding paragraphs of this Annex do not apply to substances

which are rapidly rendered harmless by physical, chemical or biological

processes in the sea provided they do not:

        (i) make edible marine organisms unpalatable, or

        (ii) endanger human health or that of domestic animals.

    The consultative procedure provided for under Article XIV should be

followed by a Party if there is doubt about the harmlessness of the

substance.

    9. This Annex does not apply to wastes or other materials (e. g.

sewage sludges and dredged spoils) containing the matters referred to in

paragraphs 1-5 above as trace contaminants. Such wastes shall be subject

to the provisions of Annexes II and III as appropriate.

            ANNEX II

    The following substances and materials requiring special care are

listed for the purposes of Article VI (1) (a).

    A. Wastes containing significant amounts of the matters listed below:

    arsenic

    lead

          }     and their compounds

    copper

    zinc

    organosilicon compounds

    cyanides

    fluorides

    pesticides and their by-products not covered in Annex I.

    B. In the issue of permits for the dumping of large quantities of

acids and alkalis, consideration shall be given to the possible presence

in such wastes of the substances listed in paragraph A and to the

following additional substances:

    beryllium

    chromium

             }  and their compounds

    nickel

    vanadium

    C. Containers, scrap metal and other bulky wastes liable to sink to

the sea bottom which may present a serious obstacle to fishing or

navigation.

    D. Radio-active wastes or other radio-active matter not included in

Annex I. In the issue of permits for the dumping of this matter, the

Contracting Parties should take full account of the recommendations of the

competent international body in this field, at present the International

Atomic Energy Agency.

      ANNEX III

    Provisions to be considered in establishing criteria governing the

issue of permits for the dumping of matter at sea, taking into account

Article IV (2), include:

    A-Characteristics and composition of the matter

    1. Total amount and average composition of matter dumped (e.g. per

year).

    2. Form, e. g. solid, sludge, liquid, or gaseous.

    3. Properties: physical (e.g. solubility and density), chemical and

biochemical (e.g. oxygen demand, nutrients) and biological (e.g. presence

of viruses, bacteria, yeasts, parasites).

    4. Toxicity.

    5. Persistence: physical, chemical and biological.

    6. Accumulation and bio-transformation in biological materials or

sediments.

    7. Susceptibility to physical, chemical and biochemical changes and

interaction in the aquatic environment with other dissolved organic and

inorganic materials.

    8. Probability of production of taints or other changes reducing

marketability of resource (fish, shellfish, etc.)

    B-Characteristics of dumping site and method of deposit

    1. Location (e.g. co-ordinates of the dumping area, depth and distance

from the coast), location in relation to other areas (e.g. amenity areas,

spawning, nursery and fishing areas and exploitable resources).

    2. Rate of disposal per specific period (e.g. quantity per day, per

week, per month).

    3. Methods of packaging and containment, if any.

    4. Initial dilution achieved by proposed method of release.

    5. Dispersal characteristics (e.g. effects of currents, tides and wind

on horizontal transport and vertical mixing).

    6. Water characteristics (e.g. temperature, pH, salinity,

stratification, oxygen indices of pollution-dissolved oxygen demand (BOD)

-nitrogen present in organic and mineral form including ammonia, suspended

matter, other nutrients and productivity).

    7. Bottom characteristics (e.g. topography, geochemical and geological

characteristics and biological productivity).

    8. Existence and effects of other dumpings which have been made in the

dumping area (e.g. heavy metal background reading and organic carbon

content).

    9. In issuing a permit for dumping, Contracting Parties should

consider whether an adequate scientific basis exists for assessing the

consequences of such dumping, as outlined in this Annex, taking into

account seasonal variations.

    C-General considerations and conditions

    1. Possible effects on amenities (e.g. presence of floating or

stranded material, turbidity,  objectionable odour, discoloration and

foaming).

    2. Possible effects on marine life, fish and shellfish culture, fish

stocks and fisheries,  seaweed harvesting and culture.

    3. Possible effects on other uses of the sea (e.g. impairment of water

quality for industrial use, underwater corrosion of structures,

interference with ship operations from floating materials, interference

with fishing or navigation through deposit of waste or solid objects on

the sea floor and protection of areas of special importance for scientific

or conservation purposes).

    4. The practical availability of alternative land-based methods of

treatment, disposal or elimination, or of treatment to render the matter

less harmful for dumping at sea.

            AMENDMENTS ADOPTED IN 1978 AND 1980 TO THE CONVENTION  ON  PREVEN-TION OF MARINE POLLUTION BY DUMPING OF WASTES AND OTHER MATTER

            1. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLU-TION BY DUMPING OF WASTES AND OTHER MATTER CONCERNING SETTLEMENT  OF  DIS-PUTES (1978)

    Article XI shall be replaced by the following:

    Any dispute between two or more Contracting Parties concerning the

interpretation or application of this Convention shall, if settlement by

negotiation or by other means has not been possible, be submitted by

agreement between the parties to the dispute to the International Court of

Justice or upon the request of one of them to arbitration. Arbitration

procedures,  unless the parties to the dispute decide otherwise, shall be

in accordance with the rules set out in the Appendix to this Convention.

    Article XIV (4) (a) shall be replaced by the following:

    "(a) review and adopt amendments to this Convention, its Annexes and

Appendix in accordance with Article XV;".

    The first sentence of Article XV (1) (a) shall be replaced by the

following:

    "At meetings of the Contracting Parties called in accordance with

Article XIV amendments to this Convention and its Appendix may be adopted

by a two-thirds majority of those present."

    The Appendix mentioned in the amended Article XI above is set out

hereunder:

            APPENDIX

            Article 1

    1. An Arbitral Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as the "Tribunal")

shall be established upon the request of a Contracting Party addressed to

another Contracting Party in application of Article XI of the Convention.

The request for arbitration shall consist of a statement of the case

together with any supporting documents.

    2. The requesting Party shall inform the Secretary-General of the

Organization of:

        (i) its request for arbitration;

        (ii) the provisions of the Convention the interpretation or

application of which is, in its opinion, the subject of disagreements.

    3. The Secretary-General shall transmit this information to all

Contracting States.

            Article 2

    1. The Tribunal shall consist of a single arbitrator if so agreed

between the parties to the dispute within 30 days from the date of receipt

of the request for arbitration.

    2. In the case of the death, disability or default of the arbitrator,

the parties to a dispute may agree upon a replacement within 30 days of

such death, disability or default.

            Article 3

    1. Where the parties to a dispute do not agree upon a Tribunal in

accordance with Article 2 of this Appendix, the Tribunal shall consist of

three members:

        (i) one arbitrator nominated by each party to the dispute; and

        (ii) a third arbitrator who shall be nominated by agreement

between the two first named and who shall act as its Chairman.

    2. If the Chairman of a Tribunal is not nominated within 30 days of

nomination of the second arbitrator, the parties to a dispute shall, upon

the request of one party, submit to the Secretary-General of the

Organization within a further period of 30 days an agreed list of

qualified persons. The Secretary-General shall select the Chairman from

such list as soon as possible. He shall not select a Chairman who is or

has been a national of one party to the dispute except with the consent of

the other party to the dispute.

    3. If one party to a dispute fails to nominate an arbitrator as

provided in sub-paragraph (1) (i) of this Article within 60 days from the

date of receipt of the request for arbitration,  the other party may

request the submission to the Secretary-General of the Organization within

a period of 30 days of an agreed list of qualified persons. The

Secretary-General shall select the Chairman of the Tribunal from such list

as soon as possible. The Chairman shall then request the party which has

not nominated an arbitrator to do so. If this party does not nominate an

arbitrator within 15 days of such request, the Secretary-General shall,

upon request of the Chairman, nominate the arbitrator from the agreed list

of qualified persons.

    4. In the case of the death, disability or default of an arbitrator,

the party to the dispute who nominated him shall nominate a replacement

within 30 days of such death, disability or default. If the party does not

nominate a replacement, the arbitration shall proceed with the remaining

arbitrators. In the case of the death, disability or default of the

Chairman, a replacement shall be nominated in accordance with the

provision of paragraphs 1 (ii) and 2 of this Article within 90 days of

such death, disability or default.

    5. A list of arbitrators shall be maintained by the Secretary-General

of the Organization and composed of qualified persons nominated by the

Contracting Parties. Each Contracting Party may designate for inclusion in

the list four persons who shall not necessarily be its nationals. If the

parties to the dispute have failed within the specified time limits to

submit to the Secretary-General an agreed list of qualified persons as

provided for in paragraphs 2,3, and 4 of this Article, the

Secretary-General shall select from the list maintained by him the

arbitrator or arbitrators not yet nominated.