来自：ZIMC航海英语

1. Hague Rules

The carrier, i.e. the shipowner, his agents and servants, shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the goods carried.

(海牙规则：   

　承运人应适当和谨慎地装载、搬移、配载、运送、保管、照料和卸载所运送的货物．)

2. What Are Cargoes?

Cargoes are any type of commodity(商品) or goods which is commercially transported by merchant ships.

These goods include:

a. transported in bulk as solids, liquids or gas

b. general cargo packaged in boxes, drums and other such containers

3. Why Do We Need to Care for Cargoes?

The carriage of cargoes is what keeps the merchant ship running. Cargoes bring freight (运费)and this means we have an obligation to deliver (运送) the cargo in the same condition in which we received it.

The contract(合同) of carriage is binding on the ship and the ships’ officers who are given the responsibility to load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the goods carried in accordance with the normal practice of the trade.

4. Types of Cargoes

   1) Non-hazardous cargoes 非危险货

•    Raw materials 原材料

 Raw metallic products 金属原材料

 Finished metallic products 金属成品

Consumable/finished products   消费品

Timber   木材

Manufactured goods of large size  大型制造品

Fragile or expensive commodities 易碎或贵重商品